A tremendous amount of gravitational potential energy would be converted into other forms of energy, and the Sun would spin much more rapidly.(the dramatic shrinkage of the Sun would mean the loss of a huge amount of gravitational potential energy. Because energy is always conserved, this "lost" gravitational potential energy must reappear in other forms, such as heat (thermal energy) and light (radiative energy). Meanwhile, conservation of angular momentum would ensure that the collapsed Sun would spin much faster)
30%
As you watch the video, notice that the size of the tidal bulges varies with the Moon's phase, which depends on its orbital position relative to the Sun. Which of the following statement(s) accurately describe(s) this variation?
20%
Suppose that the Sun were to collapse from its current radius of about 700,000 km to a radius of only about 6000 km (about the radius of Earth). What would you expect to happen as a result?
10%
Suppose that two asteroids are orbiting the Sun on nearly identical orbits, and they happen to pass close enough to each other to have their orbits altered by this gravitational encounter. If one of the asteroids ends up moving to an orbit that is closer to the Sun, what happens to the other asteroid?
40%
Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be...
Q.2.
a rock starting from rest on a high cliff, then moving faster and faster as it falls (the law of conservation of energy tells us that energy is conserved as the rock falls, so as it loses gravitational potential energy (by losing altitude) it gains kinetic energy (by increasing its speed)
25%
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
12%
as the cloud shrinks in size, its central temperature increases as a result of its...
50%
which of the following represents a change from potential energy to kinetic energy?
12%
Which of the following orbital paths are allowed under gravity?
Q.3.
Yes, though land rises and falls by a much smaller amount than the oceans.
14%
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
57%
As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation speeds up because...
0%
compared to their values on Earth, on another planet...
29%
Most people are familiar with the rise and fall of ocean tides. Do tides also affect land?
Q.4.
the strength of gravity follows an inverse square law with distance
0%
When distance is the same...
40%
The video shows a collapsing cloud of interstellar gas, which is held together by the mutual gravitational attraction of all the atoms and molecules that make up the cloud. As the cloud collapses, the overall force of gravity that draws the cloud inward gradually becomes stronger because ______
40%
One tidal bulge faces toward the Moon because that is where the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon is strongest. Which of the following best explains why there is also a second tidal bulge?
20%
For which of the following other motions would your weight also be greater than your normal weight?
Q.5.
Scientists dropping balls on the Moon find that balls of different mass fall at slightly different rates (dropping the balls on the Moon removes any potential effects due to air resistance, so a result in which mass affects the rate of fall would directly contradict the prediction of Einstein's (as well as Newton's) theory)
25%
As shown in the video, Earth has two tidal bulges at all times. Approximately where are these bulges loctaed?
25%
Newton's theory of gravity
50%
Einstein's theory, like Newton's, predicts that, in the absence of air resistance, all objects should fall at the same rate regardless of their masses. Consider the following hypothetical experimental results. Which one would indicate a failure of Einstein's theory?
0%
As you watch the video, notice that the size of the tidal bulges varies with the Moon's phase, which depends on its orbital position relative to the Sun. Which of the following statement(s) accurately describe(s) this variation?
Q.6.
The second tidal bulge arises because gravity weakens with distance, essentially stretching Earth along the Earth-Moon line.
40%
One tidal bulge faces toward the Moon because that is where the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon is strongest. Which of the following best explains why there is also a second tidal bulge?
40%
The video shows a collapsing cloud of interstellar gas, which is held together by the mutual gravitational attraction of all the atoms and molecules that make up the cloud. As the cloud collapses, the overall force of gravity that draws the cloud inward gradually becomes stronger because ______
20%
Suppose that two asteroids are orbiting the Sun on nearly identical orbits, and they happen to pass close enough to each other to have their orbits altered by this gravitational encounter. If one of the asteroids ends up moving to an orbit that is closer to the Sun, what happens to the other asteroid?
0%
You have found that tides on Earth are determined primarily by the position of the Moon, with the Sun playing only a secondary role. Why does the Moon play a greater role in causing tides than the Sun?
Q.7.
because the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon varies more across Earth than does the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Sun(the Sun exerts a stronger gravitational force on Earth, which is why Earth orbits the Sun. However, tides are caused by the variation in the gravitational attraction across Earth. Even though the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon is smaller than the attraction between Earth and the Sun, the Moon's much closer distance makes this attraction vary more across Earth. That is why tides are due primarily to the Moon, with only a secondary effect from the Sun)
20%
You have found that tides on Earth are determined primarily by the position of the Moon, with the Sun playing only a secondary role. Why does the Moon play a greater role in causing tides than the Sun?
60%
As you watch the video, notice that the size of the tidal bulges varies with the Moon's phase, which depends on its orbital position relative to the Sun. Which of the following statement(s) accurately describe(s) this variation?
0%
Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be...
20%
Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________
Q.8.
less than your normal weight at rest (even though the elevator is still moving upward, the fact that its speed is slowing means that the acceleration is downward. The situation is rather like that of a ball that is still on its way up after you throw it: the ball slows as it goes upward because of the downward acceleration of gravity. Because the acceleration of the elevator is downward, your weight is lower than normal)
40%
Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be...
0%
Suppose that the Sun were to collapse from its current radius of about 700,000 km to a radius of only about 6000 km (about the radius of Earth). What would you expect to happen as a result?
20%
Suppose you are in an elevator car when the elevator cable breaks. Which of the following correctly describes what happens and why.
40%
Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________
Q.9.
Earth's orbit would not change
75%
according to the universal law of gravitation, what would happen to Earth if the Sun were somehow replaced by a black hole on the same mass?
0%
Newton's second law
0%
Law of conservation of angular momentum
25%
Newton's third law
Q.10.
- low tides are lowest at both full moon and new moon - high tides as highest at both full moon and new moon (those are the times when the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon align (and therefore add to one another). Therefore, high tides are higher and low tides are lower at these times, which are called spring tides. (In contrast, we have neap tides at first- and third-quarter moons, when high tides are not as high and low tides are not as low.)
40%
Suppose that the Sun were to collapse from its current radius of about 700,000 km to a radius of only about 6000 km (about the radius of Earth). What would you expect to happen as a result?
40%
As you watch the video, notice that the size of the tidal bulges varies with the Moon's phase, which depends on its orbital position relative to the Sun. Which of the following statement(s) accurately describe(s) this variation?
20%
Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________
0%
As shown in the video, Earth has two tidal bulges at all times. Approximately where are these bulges loctaed?
Q.11.
gravitational potential energy being converted to thermal energy (as the cloud shrinks in size, its gravitational potential energy decreases. Because energy cannot simply disappear, the "lost" gravitational potential energy must be converted into some other form. Some of it is converted into thermal energy, which raises the temperature of the gas cloud. The rest is mostly converted into radiative energy, which is released into space as light)
0%
as the cloud shrinks in size, its central temperature increases as a result of its...
75%
which of the following represents a change from potential energy to kinetic energy?
25%
As shown in the video, Earth has two tidal bulges at all times. Approximately where are these bulges loctaed?
0%
As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation speeds up because...
Q.12.
at first and third quarter moon, when high tides are not as high and low tides are not as low
0%
spring tides
20%
neap tides
80%
One tidal bulge faces toward the Moon because that is where the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon is strongest. Which of the following best explains why there is also a second tidal bulge?
0%
a car is accelerating when...
Q.13.
the asteroid with the largest acceleration will be the one that has the strongest gravitational force exerted on it by the object on the right - the Moon has a larger acceleration than Earth, because it has a smaller mass (F=ma, for a particular force F, the product mass x acceleration must always be the same. therefore, if mass is larger, acceleration must be smaller and vice versa)
40%
according to the universal law of gravitation, what would happen to Earth if the Sun were somehow replaced by a black hole on the same mass?
20%
Law of conservation of angular momentum
20%
Newton's second law
20%
Newton's third law
Q.14.
in the absence of external influences (torques), the angular momentum of an object of a system of objects stays constant (since the angular momentum of an object depends on both its size and rate of rotation, the cloud's rate of rotation will increase as its size (or radius) decreases in order to conserve angular momentum)
25%
according to the universal law of gravitation, what would happen to Earth if the Sun were somehow replaced by a black hole on the same mass?
25%
Newton's second law
50%
Law of conservation of angular momentum
0%
Newton's third law
Q.15.
gradually transforms into other forms of energy
20%
Which of the following orbital paths are allowed under gravity?
20%
the gravitational potential energy of contracting interstellar cloud
40%
Any particular location on Earth experiences _____
20%
As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation speeds up because...
Q.16.
in the absence of air resistance, all objects on Earth should fall with the same acceleration of gravity regardless of mass
0%
a car is accelerating when...
50%
When distance is the same...
25%
Newton's theory of gravity
25%
Einstein's theory, like Newton's, predicts that, in the absence of air resistance, all objects should fall at the same rate regardless of their masses. Consider the following hypothetical experimental results. Which one would indicate a failure of Einstein's theory?
Q.17.
times when the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon align (and therefore add to one another). therefore, high tides are higher and low tides are lower at these times
25%
spring tides
0%
neap tides
25%
Suppose that two asteroids are orbiting the Sun on nearly identical orbits, and they happen to pass close enough to each other to have their orbits altered by this gravitational encounter. If one of the asteroids ends up moving to an orbit that is closer to the Sun, what happens to the other asteroid?
50%
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
Q.18.
it is going around a circular track at a steady 100 mph
0%
compared to their values on Earth, on another planet...
60%
As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation speeds up because...
20%
Any particular location on Earth experiences _____
20%
a car is accelerating when...
Q.19.
the gravitational force depends only on the product of the masses
0%
The video shows a collapsing cloud of interstellar gas, which is held together by the mutual gravitational attraction of all the atoms and molecules that make up the cloud. As the cloud collapses, the overall force of gravity that draws the cloud inward gradually becomes stronger because ______
20%
a car is accelerating when...
60%
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
20%
When distance is the same...
Q.20.
It will end up on an orbit that is farther from the Sun(total energy must be conserved, so if one asteroid loses energy and moves to a closer orbit, the other must gain energy and move to a more distant orbit)
20%
Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be...
60%
Suppose that two asteroids are orbiting the Sun on nearly identical orbits, and they happen to pass close enough to each other to have their orbits altered by this gravitational encounter. If one of the asteroids ends up moving to an orbit that is closer to the Sun, what happens to the other asteroid?
20%
Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________
0%
Suppose that the Sun were to collapse from its current radius of about 700,000 km to a radius of only about 6000 km (about the radius of Earth). What would you expect to happen as a result?
Q.21.
mass would be the same but your weight would be different
0%
As the cloud shrinks in size, its rate of rotation speeds up because...
0%
a car is accelerating when...
75%
Any particular location on Earth experiences _____
25%
compared to their values on Earth, on another planet...
Q.22.
one-quarter as strong
0%
For which of the following other motions would your weight also be greater than your normal weight?
50%
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
50%
If Earth were twice as far from the Sun, the force of gravity attracting Earth to the Sun would be...
0%
As a giant cloud of gas collapses due to gravity, you would expect its rate of rotation to...
Q.23.
the force you exert on the scale - your presence in an elevator cannot change either your mass or the gravitational force exerted on you by Earth
0%
Suppose you are in an elevator car when the elevator cable breaks. Which of the following correctly describes what happens and why.
25%
As shown in the video, Earth has two tidal bulges at all times. Approximately where are these bulges loctaed?
25%
Most people are familiar with the rise and fall of ocean tides. Do tides also affect land?
50%
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure?
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