Which of these species typically has a mortality rate that remains fairly constant over an individual's life span?
  • The discovery of vaccines and the discovery of antibodies
  • The Industrial Revolution
  • Stage 3
  • Robins
Assuming the current trend continues, in 30 years Greece will have more children than reproductive-age individuals.
  • Grasses
  • starling
  • False
  • birth rate
Which of these was the first of the major events that stimulated an increase in the size of the human population?
  • If N is greater than K, the population will shrink.
  • The advent of agriculture
  • Predictions of a population's future take into account such factors as increasing survivorship and fecundity levels that remain the same.
  • Graph B
Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of Canada in 2030 will likely differ from that in 2010.
  • The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
  • expansion of high-density urban areasimprovements in medical care
  • True
  • The advent of agriculture
As a population approaches carrying capacity, environmental resistance __________.
  • was increasing
  • expanding
  • decline
  • increases
Use the data below to make a graph showing the logistic growth of a hypothetical population. Choose one row of data in the table to plot on each axis (shown here as x and y).
  • This exception can be explained by population momentum from the 1966-1970 age-group.
  • a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945
  • a. density-dependent birth rateb. density-dependent death ratec. density- dependent birth rated. density- independent death rate
  • Plot generation on x axisPlot Population Size (N) on y axisShould result in an s-shaped curve
Assuming the current trend continues, in 30 years Colombia will have more children than elderly members of the population.
  • True
  • starling
  • Stage 3
  • False
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?The population grows most rapidly when the birth rate is significantly greater than the death rate.
  • about 100
  • increases
  • Cannot be determined from the graph
  • Supported
What is represented on the x-axis of this graph?
  • The birth rate equals the death rate.The population growth rate equals zero.The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
  • Individuals' life spans as a percentage of the maximum life span for the species
  • Survivorship for a Type I curve is nearly 1,000 times as great as survivorship for a Type III curve.
  • cannot be determined from this graph
Under which of the following conditions would a population most likely experience exponential growth?
  • Young populations with few individuals
  • The people in that age class are of reproductive age.
  • a rectangle tapering toward the top
  • The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
In 1970, the average age of childbearing was 28, and the average number of offspring per woman was 3 in a certain country. In 1980, the average age of childbearing was still 28, but the average number of offspring per woman was 2 in that country. If the death rate in the country remained constant during those years, how did the population growth rate change from 1970 to 1980?
  • As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly.When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.
  • The population growth rate decreased.
  • a rectangle tapering toward the top
  • The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
In 1985, China's rate of population increase was nearly 15 per 1,Based on the portion of the population in their prereproductive years, China's population will continue to grow at a high rate of increase through the 21st century.
  • Survivorship for a Type I curve is nearly 1,000 times as great as survivorship for a Type III curve.
  • birth rate or death rate
  • Not supported
  • The birth rate equals the death rate.The population growth rate equals zero.The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to decrease in size will have what shape?
  • Inverted pyramid
  • approximately 32
  • True
  • starling
Which of the following statements about age pyramids is true?
  • Grasses
  • Density-independent growth is also known as exponential growth.
  • Predictions of a population's future take into account such factors as increasing survivorship and fecundity levels that remain the same.
  • The number of people added to the population annually in each decade
Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of this coyote population?
  • Graph C
  • As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly.When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.
  • starling
  • Graph B
Why is a percentage scale used for the x-axis rather than actual ages?
  • Plot generation on x axisPlot Population Size (N) on y axisShould result in an s-shaped curve
  • This scale allows you to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph.
  • Males generally have a shorter lifespan than females
  • If N is greater than K, the population will shrink.
Drag a label under each graph to indicate whether it shows density-dependent population regulation or density-independent population regulation. Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  • a. Kb. Nc. timed. r-selection predominatese. K-selection predominates
  • expansion of high-density urban areasimprovements in medical care
  • a. density-dependent birth rateb. density-dependent death ratec. density- dependent birth rated. density- independent death rate
  • If N is greater than K, the population will shrink.
True or false? The growth rate of a certain population increases very quickly for a time and then levels off to zero. The most likely reason that the growth rate leveled off to zero is that the population reached the carrying capacity of that environment.
  • True
  • sharks
  • False
  • Grasses
Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of humans?
  • Graph B
  • Graph A
  • Elephants
  • birth rate
Which of these was the second of the major events that stimulated an increase in the size of the human population?
  • birth rate
  • The Industrial Revolution
  • Elephants
  • Robins
In 2010, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger?
  • adults between 45 and 54
  • Births and immigration
  • about 0.5 million
  • ΔN/Δt=rmaxN[(K−N)/K]
In a population of 1,000 elephants, how many individuals would survive for 50% of the species' maximum life span?
  • was increasing
  • starling
  • Stage 1 and 4
  • about 100
According to the graph, which modern animal has a relatively constant mortality rate throughout its life span?
  • 1930 and 1975
  • Stage 2
  • starling
  • False
What does the right y-axis represent?
  • the number of males and females in each age group
  • resources, with quantity decreasing from bottom to top
  • Predictions of a population's future take into account such factors as increasing survivorship and fecundity levels that remain the same.
  • The discovery of vaccines and the discovery of antibodies
Assuming the current trend continues, in 30 years Greece will have more elderly than reproductive-age individuals.
  • False
  • Stage 3
  • The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
  • True
Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of these yeast population?
  • As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly.When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.
  • Graph A
  • The advent of agriculture
  • Elephants
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?The maximum life span of Albertosaurus was about 100 years.
  • cannot be determined from this graph
  • The birth rate equals the death rate.The population growth rate equals zero.The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
  • active species whose individuals tend to be highly mobile.
  • Not supported
After rapid population growth from 1966 to 1975, the Chinese government instituted policies aimed at reducing population growth. The effects can be seen in most age-groups born since then. However, the population representing children born in 1986-1990 is larger than any other age-group. What data in the age structure diagram provide the best explanation for this exception?
  • Plot generation on x axisPlot Population Size (N) on y axisShould result in an s-shaped curve
  • This exception can be explained by population momentum from the 1966-1970 age-group.
  • This scale allows you to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph.
  • The discovery of vaccines and the discovery of antibodies
The average age of childbearing in country A is 26, whereas the average age in country B isIn each country, the average number of offspring per woman isWhich of the following statements about the population growth rate in each country must be true?
  • This exception can be explained by population momentum from the 1966-1970 age-group.
  • It is not possible to compare the population growth rates of countries A and B.
  • a. density-dependent birth rateb. density-dependent death ratec. density- dependent birth rated. density- independent death rate
  • the age classes, in 5-year ranges
Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent?
  • the age classes, in 5-year ranges
  • The population growth rate decreased.
  • a rectangle tapering toward the top
  • The people in that age class are of reproductive age.
From 1500 to 2010, the human population approximately followed the exponential growth model.
  • Supported
  • Survivorship for a Type I curve is nearly 1,000 times as great as survivorship for a Type III curve.
  • Not supported
  • birth rate or death rate
What does the orange graph line represent?
  • Genetic variation in the population
  • birth rate
  • logistic growth
  • resources, with quantity decreasing from bottom to top
K (carrying capacity) increases
  • 1. Species with many young, but few survive to adulthood2. Species with few young and a large percent survive to adulthood3. Intermediate species with a mortality rate constant over its lifespan.
  • A sampling technique used to estimate wildlife populations.[(Number Marked) x (Total Caught Second Time)]/(Number of marked recaptures)
  • Predictions of a population's future take into account such factors as increasing survivorship and fecundity levels that remain the same.
  • a main competitor for food is eliminated, increasing food availabilityan abandoned building creates more nesting areas
For species with a Type III curve, most individuals reach the maximum life span.
  • Supported
  • Individuals' life spans as a percentage of the maximum life span for the species
  • Not supported
  • cannot be determined from this graph
True or false? Factors that determine the per capita rate of increase of a population include the age of breeding and the number of offspring produced each year.
  • starling
  • True
  • Stage 3
  • False
What is shown on the x-axis?
  • Cannot be determined from the graph
  • Individuals' life spans as a percentage of the maximum life span for the species
  • percentage of the maximum life span of a species
  • birth rate or death rate
In Canada in 2010, which age classes contained the largest number of people?
  • birth rate
  • Stage 1 and 4
  • If N is greater than K, the population will shrink.
  • adults between 45 and 54
Which stage in the graph shows the greatest overall decline in death rate?
  • birth rate
  • Graph C
  • Grasses
  • Stage 2
The population of Colombia is currently _______.
  • Elephants
  • expanding
  • about 100
  • starling
Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to increase in size will have what shape?
  • Stage 3
  • Inverted pyramid
  • Pyramid
  • Grasses
For a species with a Type II curve, less than ____% of individuals survive for 50% of the maximum life span.
  • 1980-1990
  • Graph A
  • 10
  • The Industrial Revolution
Which factors have permitted the human population to continue increasing despite using nonrenewable resources at an unsustainable rate?
  • a. Kb. Nc. timed. r-selection predominatese. K-selection predominates
  • expansion of high-density urban areasimprovements in medical care
  • The discovery of vaccines and the discovery of antibodies
  • Density-independent growth is also known as exponential growth.
Assuming the current trend continues, in 30 years Colombia will have more children than reproductive-age individuals.
  • True
  • birth rate
  • False
  • Graph B
In which stage or stages is the size of the population relatively stable?
  • Stage 1 and 4
  • about 100
  • A time span of 50 years
  • Stage 3
At 50% of maximum life span, how does the survivorship of Albertosaurus compare to the survivorship of the crocodile?
  • The survivorship of Albertosaurus is about 100 times greater than that of the crocodile.
  • active species whose individuals tend to be highly mobile.
  • Supported
  • not supported
Which of the following statements about density-independent growth is true?
  • Density-independent growth is also known as exponential growth.
  • Elephants
  • Grasses
  • birth rate
K (carrying capacity) decreases
  • percentage of the maximum life span of a species
  • a parking lot is built, shrinking the habitatwetlands are drained, decreasing the amount of available watera species with the same food requirements is introduced
  • The birth rate equals the death rate.The population growth rate equals zero.The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
  • birth rate or death rate
Approximately how many 15-19-year-old males were there in China in 2010?
  • Stage 1 and 4
  • was increasing
  • 56 million
  • 1980-1990
The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored blue?
  • Plot generation on x axisPlot Population Size (N) on y axisShould result in an s-shaped curve
  • The number of people added to the population annually in each decade
  • As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly.When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.
  • The people in that age class are of reproductive age.
What does the green graph line represent?
  • The numbers of males and females in each age group
  • The number of people added to the population annually in each decade
  • A time span of 50 years
  • total number of individuals in the population
Which processes increase a population's size?
  • expanding
  • Stage 2
  • Genetic variation in the population
  • Births and immigration
Which of the following statements about a population experiencing logistic growth is true?
  • total number of individuals in the population
  • The people in that age class are of reproductive age.
  • Grasses
  • If N is greater than K, the population will shrink.
Which of the following statements are true of a population at carrying capacity?Select all that apply.
  • Individuals' life spans as a percentage of the maximum life span for the species
  • Supported
  • a parking lot is built, shrinking the habitatwetlands are drained, decreasing the amount of available watera species with the same food requirements is introduced
  • The birth rate equals the death rate.The population growth rate equals zero.The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
Ignoring migration, the age structure diagram of a human population likely to maintain a relatively stable size will have what shape?
  • a rectangle tapering toward the top
  • the age classes, in 5-year ranges
  • The discovery of vaccines and the discovery of antibodies
  • adults between 45 and 54
The mark-recapture method works best for
  • cannot be determined from this graph
  • Not supported
  • improved sanitation
  • active species whose individuals tend to be highly mobile.
What do the bars on the graphs represent?
  • The people in that age class are of reproductive age.
  • The Industrial Revolution
  • the number of males and females in each age group
  • total number of individuals in the population
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?In the future the birth rate and death rate will be balanced, so the total population will remain relatively constant.
  • Supported
  • Cannot be determined from the graph
  • The survivorship of Albertosaurus is about 100 times greater than that of the crocodile.
  • not supported
Which factor does not affect a habitat's carrying capacity?
  • Genetic variation in the population
  • expansion of high-density urban areasimprovements in medical care
  • The discovery of vaccines and the discovery of antibodies
  • about 0.5 million
Assume there are 200 MendAliens living on an island in my back yard. If my island has an area of 20 hectares, what is the population density of MendAliens in terms of MendAliens per hectare?
  • The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.
  • Plot generation on x axisPlot Population Size (N) on y axisShould result in an s-shaped curve
  • 10 MendAliens per hectare
  • False
Which of the following factors does not contribute to environmental resistance?
  • birth rate
  • 1980-1990
  • Stage 1 and 4
  • As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly.When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing.
Which stage represents the fertility transition--a period of declining fertility rates related to economic and social change?
  • Stage 3
  • Graph C
  • Graph B
  • True
In species that exhibit a Type II survivorship curve, individuals are no more likely to die at one stage of the life cycle than another.
  • birth rate or death rate
  • Supported
  • Survivorship for a Type I curve is nearly 1,000 times as great as survivorship for a Type III curve.
  • percentage of the maximum life span of a species
What are population dynamics?
  • logistic growth
  • the number of males and females in each age group
  • Changes in populations through time.
  • resources, with quantity decreasing from bottom to top
Like the United States, China experienced a "baby boom" after World War II ended in 1945.
  • Not supported
  • The birth rate equals the death rate.The population growth rate equals zero.The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.
  • The survivorship of Albertosaurus is about 100 times greater than that of the crocodile.
  • Supported
Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of _____.
  • decline
  • expanding
  • Adults
  • Robins
The 2010 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________.
  • was increasing
  • Stage 1 and 4
  • starling
  • The Industrial Revolution
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