Carbon atoms in acetyl CoA formation and the citric acid cycle During acetyl CoA formation and the citric acid cycle, all of the carbon atoms that enter cellular respiration in the glucose molecule are released in the form of COUse this diagram to track the carbon-containing compounds that play a role in these two stages.
  • ATP levels would fall at first, decreasing the inhibition of PFK and increasing the rate of ATP production.
  • Start: acetyl CoA - 2 C; continue clockwise: 6 C, 6 C, 5 C, 4 C, 4 C, 4 C, 4 C, 4 C
  • pyruvate is oxidized to (a) CO2NAD+ is reduced to (b) NADH(c) FAD is reduced to (d)FADH2
  • Both electron transport and ATP synthesis would stop.
What are not inputs or outputs of glycolysis?
  • coenzyme A, CO2, acetyl CoA, O2
  • coenzyme A, NAD+, pyruvate
  • ATP, ADP, glucose, O2
  • O2, glucose, pyruvate
What are the net outputs of oxidative phosphorylation?
  • acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2
  • water, NAD+, ATP
  • NAD+, ADP, glucose
  • NADH, O2, ADP
The coupled stages of cellular respiration:The four stages of cellular respiration do not function independently. Instead, they are coupled together because one or more outputs from one stage functions as an input to another stage. The coupling works in both directions, as indicated by the arrows in the diagram below. In this activity, you will identify the compounds that couple the stages of cellular respiration. Drag the labels on the left onto the diagram to identify the compounds that couple each stage. Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
  • remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptakedecreases (or goes to zero): rate of ATP synthesis, size of the proton gradientGramicidin causes membranes to become very leaky to protons, so that a proton gradient cannot be maintained and ATP synthesis stops. However, the leakiness of the membrane has no effect on the ability of electron transport to pump protons. Thus, the rates of proton pumping, electron transport, and oxygen uptake remain unchanged.
  • In the absence of oxygen, electron transport stops. NADH is no longer converted to NAD+, which is needed for the first three stages of cellular respiration.
  • pyruvate is oxidized to (a) CO2NAD+ is reduced to (b) NADH(c) FAD is reduced to (d)FADH2
  • a. pyruvateb. NADHc. NAD+d. NADHe. NAD+The main coupling among the stages of cellular respiration is accomplished by NAD+ and NADH. In the first three stages, NAD+ accepts electrons from the oxidation of glucose, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA. The NADH produced in these redox reactions then gets oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation, regenerating the NAD+ needed for the earlier stages.
What are the net inputs of acetyl CoA formation?
  • acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2
  • coenzyme A, CO2, acetyl CoA, O2
  • acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP
  • coenzyme A, NAD+, pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
  • NAD+, ADP, glucose
  • In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • In the mitochondrial matrix.
  • In the cytosol.
What are the not inputs or outputs of oxidative phosphorylation?
  • coenzyme A, NAD+, pyruvate
  • acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP
  • O2, glucose, pyruvate
  • glucose, coenzyme A, acetyl CoA, pyruvate, CO2
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
  • In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • In the mitochondrial matrix.
  • coenzyme A, CO2, acetyl CoA, O2
  • In the cytosol.
What are not inputs or outputs of acetyl CoA formation?
  • O2, glucose, pyruvate
  • ATP, ADP, glucose, O2
  • water, NAD+, ATP
  • NAD+, ADP, glucose
Net redox reaction in acetyl CoA formation and the citric acid cycle.In the sequential reactions of acetyl CoA formation and the citric acid cycle, pyruvate (the output from glycolysis) is completely oxidized, and the electrons produced from this oxidation are passed on to two types of electron acceptors.
  • pyruvate is oxidized to (a) CO2NAD+ is reduced to (b) NADH(c) FAD is reduced to (d)FADH2
  • Start: acetyl CoA - 2 C; continue clockwise: 6 C, 6 C, 5 C, 4 C, 4 C, 4 C, 4 C, 4 C
  • ATP levels would fall at first, decreasing the inhibition of PFK and increasing the rate of ATP production.
  • Both electron transport and ATP synthesis would stop.
What are the net inputs of glycolysis?
  • ATP, ADP, glucose, O2
  • NAD+, ADP, glucose
  • pyruvate, ATP, NADH
  • NADH, CO2, ATP, coenzyme A
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
  • In the mitochondrial matrix.
  • NADH, CO2, ATP, coenzyme A
  • In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • In the cytosol.
What are the net inputs of oxidative phosphorylation?
  • NAD+, ADP, glucose
  • water, NAD+, ATP
  • NADH, CO2, ATP, coenzyme A
  • NADH, O2, ADP
What are the net inputs of the citric acid cycle?
  • coenzyme A, NAD+, pyruvate
  • acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP
  • NADH, CO2, ATP, coenzyme A
  • acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2
Where does acetyl CoA occur?
  • In the mitochondrial matrix.
  • In the cytosol.
  • In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • coenzyme A, CO2, acetyl CoA, O2
What are the net outputs of acetyl CoA formation?
  • acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2
  • acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP
  • NADH, CO2, ATP, coenzyme A
  • coenzyme A, NAD+, pyruvate
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