If a cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would each of its four daughter cells have after meiosis?
  • The sequence of bases of a particular gene.Karyotypes only give information about the chromosomes in an individual.
  • For cells entering mitosis, homologous chromosomes function independently; for cells entering meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up.
  • Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I; sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.
  • 12. Meiosis is a reduction division that reduces the number of chromosomes passed on to daughter cells by one-half.
The separated chromatids elongate and usually cytokinesis occurs, forming four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells.
  • telophase I
  • anaphase II
  • telophase II
  • metaphase I
What information can not be obtained from an individual's karyotype?
  • avoiding the transmission of harmful alleles to offspring
  • Gametes, such as eggs and sperm, are haploid reproductive cells that fuse during fertilization in sexual life cycles.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • The sequence of bases of a particular gene.Karyotypes only give information about the chromosomes in an individual.
Which statement is FALSE concerning gametes produced by meiosis?Gametes contain a random assortment of maternal and paternal alleles. Gametes contain a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Gametes contain half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. Gametes contain nonrandom combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
  • Gametes would contain either maternal chromosomes only or paternal chromosomes only. All maternal chromosomes would go to one daughter cell and all paternal chromosomes to the other, so different combinations would not be produced in gametes.
  • A replicated chromosome contains two sister chromatids.A replicated chromosome contains two identical DNA double helices that correspond to each sister chromatid.
  • For cells entering mitosis, homologous chromosomes function independently; for cells entering meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up.
  • Gametes contain nonrandom combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.This statement is false. Gametes receive a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes when homologs separate in meiosis I.
In an organism in which 2n = 6, how many chromosomes will be in each gamete?
  • Largest -genome, chromosome, gene
  • 3
  • one
  • crossing over
Replicated forms of a chromosome are called?
  • sister chromatids
  • chromosome
  • does not change
  • prophase I
Meiosis ______ ploidy.
  • nucleus
  • decreases
  • prophase I
  • metaphase I
If a parent cell is diploid, the daughter cells produced by mitosis are _____.
  • chromatin
  • diploid
  • telophase II
  • haploid
Sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles.
  • prophase I
  • anaphase II
  • chromosomes
  • anaphase I
Chromosomes are passed on to the next generation in?
  • DNA
  • non homologous chromosomes
  • gametes
  • chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of?
  • during synapsis of homologous chromosomes
  • traits
  • DNA
  • decreases
Homologous chromosomes separate by moving with the spindle microtubules toward the poles.
  • prophase I
  • anaphase I
  • prophase II
  • anaphase II
Fertilization ______ ploidy.
  • prophase I
  • nucleus
  • chromosomes
  • increases
Which statement correctly describes how cellular DNA content and ploidy levels change during meiosis I and meiosis II?
  • Gametes contain nonrandom combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.This statement is false. Gametes receive a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes when homologs separate in meiosis I.
  • For cells entering mitosis, homologous chromosomes function independently; for cells entering meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up.
  • independent assortment
  • DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. During anaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II, the DNA content (number of copies of chromosomes) in a cell is halved. However, the ploidy level changes only when the number of unique chromosome sets in the cell changes. This occurs only in meiosis I (where separation of homologous chromosomes decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n and produces daughter cells with a single chromosome set).
Genes are made of?
  • prophase I
  • Gametes, such as eggs and sperm, are haploid reproductive cells that fuse during fertilization in sexual life cycles.
  • DNA
  • during synapsis of homologous chromosomes
DNA replication, mitosis and meiosis II _______ ploidy.
  • does not change
  • metaphase I
  • homologous chromosomes
  • anaphase II
Which of the following creates different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes?
  • metaphase I
  • telophase II
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • independent assortment
Describe life cycle of an organism in terms of n.
  • False. A haploid organism only has one set of chromosomes, so it has no homologous chromosomes.
  • Meiosis decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n; fertilization increases the ploidy level from n to 2n.
  • Meiosis creates gametes (eggs and sperm) with only a single chromosome set (haploid or n) from parental cells with two chromosome sets (diploid or 2n). During fertilization, the haploid sperm (n) and egg (n) fuse, producing a diploid zygote (2n). The cells of the zygote then divide by mitosis (which does not change the ploidy level) to produce an adult organism (still 2n) of the next generation.In sexual life cycles, meiosis and fertilization keep the number of chromosomes constant from generation to generation.
  • DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. During anaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II, the DNA content (number of copies of chromosomes) in a cell is halved. However, the ploidy level changes only when the number of unique chromosome sets in the cell changes. This occurs only in meiosis I (where separation of homologous chromosomes decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n and produces daughter cells with a single chromosome set).
For species that alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction, which statement is most accurate?
  • For cells entering mitosis, homologous chromosomes function independently; for cells entering meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up.
  • Sexual reproduction is common when environmental conditions are changing rapidly. In a rapidly changing environment, sexual reproduction is advantageous because the genetic variation among offspring makes it more likely that some will be well adapted to the new conditions.
  • Gametes would contain either maternal chromosomes only or paternal chromosomes only. All maternal chromosomes would go to one daughter cell and all paternal chromosomes to the other, so different combinations would not be produced in gametes.
  • non homologous chromosomes
A locus specifies a genes position on a?
  • chromosome
  • chromosomes
  • chromatin
  • anaphase I
What is the composition of a tetrad at the beginning of prophase I?
  • crossing over
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • independent assortment
  • One pair of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome in a tetrad is paternally inherited, while the other is maternally inherited. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids.
Rank the size of these DNA containing structures. genomechromosomegene
  • A single individual is reproducing.
  • avoiding the transmission of harmful alleles to offspring
  • independent assortment
  • Largest -genome, chromosome, gene
A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.
  • Meiosis decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n; fertilization increases the ploidy level from n to 2n.
  • Meiosis creates gametes (eggs and sperm) with only a single chromosome set (haploid or n) from parental cells with two chromosome sets (diploid or 2n). During fertilization, the haploid sperm (n) and egg (n) fuse, producing a diploid zygote (2n). The cells of the zygote then divide by mitosis (which does not change the ploidy level) to produce an adult organism (still 2n) of the next generation.In sexual life cycles, meiosis and fertilization keep the number of chromosomes constant from generation to generation.
  • DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. During anaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II, the DNA content (number of copies of chromosomes) in a cell is halved. However, the ploidy level changes only when the number of unique chromosome sets in the cell changes. This occurs only in meiosis I (where separation of homologous chromosomes decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n and produces daughter cells with a single chromosome set).
  • 16. 16 is half of 32.
The separated chromosomes cluster at the poles and cytokinesis curs, forming two daughter cells, each with a haploid set of replicated chromosomes.
  • telophase I
  • prophase I
  • metaphase I
  • prophase II
What is the term for the original chromosome and its exact copy?
  • crossing over
  • non sister chromatids
  • independent assortment
  • sister chromatids
What is the ploidy of organisms that have two sets of chromosomes?
  • 2n. An organism that has two sets of chromosomes has a ploidy of 2n.
  • 23. This is the number of chromosomes in a single set of human chromosomes.
  • The sequence of bases of a particular gene.Karyotypes only give information about the chromosomes in an individual.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
Which statement correctly describes a key difference between cells entering prophase of mitosis versus prophase I of meiosis?
  • independent assortment
  • For cells entering mitosis, homologous chromosomes function independently; for cells entering meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up.
  • 12. Meiosis is a reduction division that reduces the number of chromosomes passed on to daughter cells by one-half.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
An advantage of sexual reproduction is hypothesized to be _____.
  • One pair of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome in a tetrad is paternally inherited, while the other is maternally inherited. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids.
  • meiosis. Meiosis produces haploid gametes from a diploid parental cell.
  • does not change
  • avoiding the transmission of harmful alleles to offspring
Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.
  • 23. This is the number of chromosomes in a single set of human chromosomes.
  • avoiding the transmission of harmful alleles to offspring
  • One pair of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome in a tetrad is paternally inherited, while the other is maternally inherited. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids.
  • Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I; sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.
What is asexual reproduction?
  • Largest -genome, chromosome, gene
  • A single individual is reproducing.
  • carry the same genes
  • meiosis. Meiosis produces haploid gametes from a diploid parental cell.
What effect do meiosis and fertilization have on the ploidy level of cells produced by each process?
  • meiosis. Meiosis produces haploid gametes from a diploid parental cell.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • Chiasma. The chiasma is an X-shaped structure formed from the crossing over of homologous chromosomes, which can then exchange segments at the crossover sites.
  • Meiosis decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n; fertilization increases the ploidy level from n to 2n.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes align in the center of the cell
  • prophase II
  • prophase I
  • metaphase I
  • telophase II
Which event makes meiosis a reduction division and why?
  • DNA content is halved in both meiosis I and meiosis II. Ploidy level changes from diploid to haploid in meiosis I, and remains haploid in meiosis II. During anaphase of both meiosis I and meiosis II, the DNA content (number of copies of chromosomes) in a cell is halved. However, the ploidy level changes only when the number of unique chromosome sets in the cell changes. This occurs only in meiosis I (where separation of homologous chromosomes decreases the ploidy level from 2n to n and produces daughter cells with a single chromosome set).
  • One pair of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome in a tetrad is paternally inherited, while the other is maternally inherited. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • separation of homologs in meiosis I because it produces 2 haploid (n) daughter cells from a single diploid (2n) parent cell. Separation of homologs results in a reduction in chromosome number.
Chromatin in its condensed form is called?
  • prophase I
  • chromatin
  • chromosomes
  • genome
How would genetic variation be affected if during meiosis I maternal chromosomes always lined up together on one side of the metaphase plate and paternal chromosomes always lined up on the other side (ignoring the effects of crossing over)?
  • Gametes would contain either maternal chromosomes only or paternal chromosomes only. All maternal chromosomes would go to one daughter cell and all paternal chromosomes to the other, so different combinations would not be produced in gametes.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • Sexual reproduction is common when environmental conditions are changing rapidly. In a rapidly changing environment, sexual reproduction is advantageous because the genetic variation among offspring makes it more likely that some will be well adapted to the new conditions.
  • For cells entering mitosis, homologous chromosomes function independently; for cells entering meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up.
Chiasmata form and crossing over occurs.
  • metaphase I
  • prophase I
  • prophase II
  • anaphase II
Chromosomes are located in?
  • genome
  • non homologous chromosomes
  • carry the same genes
  • nucleus
Crossing over occurs between the _________ of homologous chromosomes early in meiosis I.
  • homologous chromosomes
  • crossing over
  • Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I; sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.
  • non sister chromatids
Individual chromosomes, each composed of sister chromatids, align in the center of the cell.
  • metaphase II
  • crossing over
  • anaphase I
  • telophase I
A spindle apparatus and individual chromosomes, each composed of sister chromatids, begin to move toward the center of the cell.
  • prophase II
  • prophase I
  • crossing over
  • anaphase II
Which statement is correct concerning the relationship between chromosomes and chromatids?A replicated chromosome contains a single chromatid. An unreplicated chromosome contains a single chromatid. An unreplicated chromosome contains two sister chromatids. A replicated chromosome contains two sister chromatids.
  • The sequence of bases of a particular gene.Karyotypes only give information about the chromosomes in an individual.
  • Gametes, such as eggs and sperm, are haploid reproductive cells that fuse during fertilization in sexual life cycles.
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • A replicated chromosome contains two sister chromatids.A replicated chromosome contains two identical DNA double helices that correspond to each sister chromatid.
Which of the following statements about meiosis and mitosis is true?
  • Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids of each chromosome separate.Both meiosis II and mitosis are cell divisions involving the separation of sister chromatids.
  • The sequence of bases of a particular gene.Karyotypes only give information about the chromosomes in an individual.
  • independent assortment
  • Chiasma. The chiasma is an X-shaped structure formed from the crossing over of homologous chromosomes, which can then exchange segments at the crossover sites.
Chromosomes together constitute the cells nuclear?
  • non homologous chromosomes
  • nucleus
  • DNA
  • genome
DNA when complexed with protein is called?
  • chromosomes
  • prophase I
  • sister chromatids
  • chromatin
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