The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.
  • olfaction
  • tympanic membrane
  • optic nerve
  • absolute threshold
Sensation depends on the characteristic of the stumulus, the background simulations, and the detector.
  • absolute threshold
  • signal detection theory
  • weber's law
  • opponent-process theory
The process by which a stimulated receptor (such as the eyes or ears) creates a pattern of neural messages that represent the stimulus in the brain, giving rise to our initial experience of the stimulus
  • Sensation
  • Transduction
  • Difference Threshold
  • Top-down Processing
genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
  • trichromatic theory
  • monocular cues
  • color blindness
  • blind spot
when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene
  • blindsight
  • blind spot
  • change blindness
  • top-down processing
the distinguishing quality of a sound
  • timbre
  • pitch
  • amplitude
  • frequency
the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration
  • timbre
  • pitch
  • loudness
  • amplitude
The Gestalt principle that we tend to group similar objects together in our perceptions.
  • law of proximity
  • law of pragnanz
  • law of common fate
  • law of similarity
projects to the parietal lobe and determines and objects location.
  • where pathway.
  • pheromones
  • photoreceptors
  • visible spectrum
the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
  • fovea
  • blind spot
  • optic nerve
  • retina
the lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
  • Sensory adaptation
  • Transduction
  • Difference threshold
  • Absolute threshold
making you see incomplete figures as wholes by supplying the missing segments, filling in gaps, and making inferner, you mind automatically fills in the hidden parts of the face and body
  • blindsight
  • closure
  • transduction
  • absolute threshold
Images that are capable of more than one interpretation. There is no "right" way to see an ambiguous figure.
  • afterimages
  • ambiguous figures
  • feature detectors
  • binocular cues
sense of smell
  • transduction
  • olfaction
  • vestibular sense
  • gustation
the entire frequency range of electromagnetic waves
  • visible spectrum
  • frequency
  • electromagnetic spectrum
  • amplitude
odorless chemicals that serve as social signals to members of one's species
  • pheromones
  • frequency
  • sensation
  • gustation
the smallest change in stimulation that a person can detect
  • sensory adaptation
  • difference threshold
  • sensation
  • absolute threshold
A mental process that elaborates and assigns meaning to the incoming sensory patterns
  • photoreceptors
  • Preception
  • frequency
  • Sensation
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
  • transduction
  • absolute threshold
  • sensory adaptation
  • weber's law
images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed
  • afterimages
  • weber's law
  • perceptual constancy
  • blindsight
the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation
  • brightness
  • loudness
  • pitch
  • color
perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change
  • change blindness
  • perceptual constancy
  • top-down processing
  • closure
depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes
  • perceptual set
  • fovea
  • binocular cues
  • sensory adaptation
perception can be wildly inaccurate because we misinterpret in image
  • ambiguous figures
  • olfaction
  • sensation
  • illusion
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
  • transduction
  • top-down processing
  • signal detection theory
  • perceptual constancy
The Gestalt principles of similarity, proximity, continuity, and common fate. These "laws" suggest how our brains prefer to group stimulus elements together to form a percept
  • law of similarity
  • law of pragnanz
  • law of perceptual grouping
  • weber's law
the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
  • fovea
  • optic nerve
  • retina
  • cones
sense of taste
  • transduction
  • gustation
  • sensation
  • olfaction
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.
  • trichromatic theory
  • optic nerve
  • Gestalt psychology
  • gate-control theory
a sensory system located in structures of the inner ear that registers the orientation of the head
  • gustation
  • skin senses
  • vestibular sense
  • kinesthetic sense
the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green
  • top-down processing
  • opponent-process theory
  • weber's law
  • trichromatic theory
a pattern or image that grabs our attention.
  • figure
  • ground
  • perceptual set
  • closure
primary organ for hearing located in the inner ear.
  • fovea
  • retina
  • cochiea
  • placebo
The light-sensitive cells in the retina- the rods and cones.
  • photoreceptors
  • fovea
  • feature detectors
  • optic nerve
human perception of sound intensity
  • loudness
  • frequency
  • timbre
  • pitch
the intensity or amplitude of light, determind by how much light reaches the retina.
  • difference threshold
  • absolute threshold
  • brightness
  • color
Process used by the brain to combine or bind the results of many sensory operations into a single percept.
  • kinesthetic sense
  • ambiguous figures
  • binding problems
  • binocular cues
measures the physical strength of the sound wave.
  • frequency
  • timbre
  • pitch
  • amplitude
the portion of sunlight perceived by the human eye as various colors
  • fovea
  • visible spectrum
  • perceptual set
  • timbre
idea that color vision is based on our sensitivity to three different colors: blue, green, and red
  • signal detection theory
  • gestalt psychology
  • trichromatic theory
  • opponent-process theory
a think strip of hairy tissue running through the cochlea
  • binocular cues
  • visible spectrum
  • tympanic membrane
  • basilar memebrane
failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere
  • inattentional blindess
  • transduction
  • sensory adaptation
  • change blindness
located at the point where the optic nerce exits each eye, and the reulting is a gap in the visual field
  • retina
  • optic nerve
  • blind spot
  • fovea
determines what objects are
  • gustation
  • where pathway.
  • what pathway
  • transduction
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