Prostitution is widely regarded as which of the following types of crime?
  • corporate crime
  • victimless crime
  • offenses known to the police.
  • white-collar crime
A hate crime is defined as:
  • a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
  • the criminal justice system
  • the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of law.
  • the act and criminal intent
Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
  • victimless crime
  • any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
  • corporate crime
  • social control
Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime:
  • burglary
  • retribution.
  • offenses known to the police.
  • refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
The concept criminal recidivism refers to:
  • the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior.
  • later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
  • False
  • deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world.
  • stigma
  • True
  • deviance
  • False
Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?
  • victimless crime
  • white-collar crime
  • deviance
  • corporate crime
In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?
  • the act and criminal intent
  • the criminal justice system
  • a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
  • the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of law.
Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations?
  • corporate crime
  • white-collar crime
  • innovator
  • deviance
Organized crime refers to:
  • later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
  • social control
  • any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
  • refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them?
  • innovator
  • corporate crime
  • retreatist
  • retribution.
What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?
  • the criminal justice system
  • the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of law.
  • the act and criminal intent
  • a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.
  • True
  • retribution.
  • False
  • deviance
Which of the following concepts refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"?
  • corporate crime
  • False
  • white-collar crime
  • deviance
What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?
  • False
  • innovator
  • stigma
  • deviance
The basic idea behind labeling theory is that:
  • later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
  • False
  • deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
  • the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior.
The concept of due process refers to:
  • a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
  • the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of law.
  • the act and criminal intent
  • the criminal justice system
Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.
  • the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior.
  • deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
  • False
  • later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes.
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