Understand how heat capacity impacts body temperature.
  • Water retains heat and moderates body temperature; the blood of the human body is 80% water. Water prevents rapid fluctuations in body temperature.
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
  • Oceans can contain≈ 1000x more heat energy than does the atmosphere. Ocean currents redistribute this heat energy.
  • Karst erosion, takes place when underground limestone is dissolved by carbon dioxide enriched water.
formation of the florida Platform
  • 250 yrs ago - Pangea, 150 million yrs ago -Pangeo broke and carried with it a flat platform, 150 mya - 50 million yrs ago, building of platform (older limestone) due to carbonate deposition, 50-25 mya - water bearing unit deposited, 25-5 mya sea levels dropped - upper confining layer- interruption of suwannee current
  • Water retains heat and moderates body temperature; the blood of the human body is 80% water. Water prevents rapid fluctuations in body temperature.
  • As water moves through the watershed, it dissolves salts and minerals that naturally exist in the environment. These dissolved salts are ultimately delivered to the ocean. Evaporation from oceans concentrates salts. 3.5% salinity. Water moving across the landscape, during their transit dissolves and delivered to the ocean.
  • Orographic rainfall: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing into the land/mountains side from the sea encounters a natural barrier, cools off the water and rains, dry on the other side. Rainshadow: a region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills
Stable forms of the elements that acquire an electrical charge by gaining or losing electrons are called ions.
  • right
  • Surface features "fall" into underlying cavities in limestone, karst landscapes include sinkholes, springs, depressions, lakes., manifestation of areas that are underlain by carbonates,
  • ocean
  • True
Know how much water is withdrawn daily in FL.
  • The driving force for river flow; the difference in elevation divided by the length, velocity of a river flow.
  • driest place: Atacama desert wettest place: Mount Waialealein, Hawaii
  • Freezing Point - 0 degrees Celsius, Boiling Point - 100 degrees Celsius
  • 7 billion gallons/day; 4.4 groundwater; 2.6 surface; 63 percent groundwater
Know why river flow in Florida generally is very slow.
  • Groundwater flows from the central part of the state to the coasts.
  • Mosquito repellent and A/C, ww2 veterans
  • Small, shallow, and warm
  • Florida's lack of topography since the highest point only 345ft (Britton Hill). Sustainable gradients are not possible in Florida.
Florida has one of the most productive aquifer systems in the world. T/F
  • acid
  • true
  • false
  • True.
Why does water have such a high heat capacity relative to other common liquids like alcohol?
  • Mosquito repellent and A/C, ww2 veterans
  • Small, shallow, and warm
  • Extensive hydrogen bonding.
  • Hydrogen bonding
Substances with high heat capacities can absorb large amounts of heat, but
  • Covalent bond, sharing of electrons completes both shells
  • driest place: Atacama desert wettest place: Mount Waialealein, Hawaii
  • Recharge of the Floridan occurs at high elevations in the central part of the peninsula.
  • change temperatures very slowly.
The upper confining unit for the Floridan aquifer is derived from carbonate precipitation beginning about 25 million years ago.
  • True
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Gravity
  • False
Understand that ions are generally well accommodated in water.
  • Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity, and density meet. Warm air is "lighter" than cool air. Warm air rises over cool air
  • Lakes and sinks can serve as a source of recharge for the aquifer. Hole underneath surface of earth, depressional area opens close to surface and caverns and caves carry water throughout aquifer. Know the general geographic location in FL where the majority of aquifer recharge takes place and why. Towards the center of the state; sinkhole activity, some of the highest elevations of the state.
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
  • Euphotic - light sufficient for photosynthesis; dysphotic- light insufficient for photosynthesis
Know how groundwater use in Florida compares with groundwater use in the U.S.
  • 63 percent of total water withdraws is groundwater in Florida; 21 percent of total water withdraws is ground water for the rest of the United States
  • 0-30o north latitude: east to west, (africa to florida) tropical easterlies 30-60o north latitude: west to east (west coast to east coast), prevailing westerlies
  • latent heat of vaporization: Amount of heat ADDED to water to change it from a liquid to a gas (evaporate 1g of water) (580 cal/g) latent heat of condensation: Amount of heat REMOVED from gaseous water to change it from a gas to a liquid (580 cal/g), extensive hydrogen bonds.
  • Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity, and density meet. Warm air is "lighter" than cool air. Warm air rises over cool air
Sinkholes are responsible for the majority of lake formation in Florida.
  • A/C
  • True
  • False
  • right
Identify one characteristic of karst landscapes.
  • sinkholes
  • limestone
  • Cover collapse
  • Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
The bond between water molecules in a liquid is called ___.
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Consolidated
  • True
  • Hydrogen bonding
Water in much of the Floridan is under pressure. T/F
  • gyres
  • true.
  • False
  • true
Understand polarity and how it impacts bonding between water molecules in the liquid and solid.
  • Gulf trough formed the Georgia channel and Suwanee Current isolated the Florida Platform from sandy, silty, and clayey sediments, allowing carbonates to build for millions of years. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Deposit on top of the lime stone.
  • When two or more compatible ions become sufficiently concentrated in water they ca re-form the solid. Calcium, magnesium, carbonate are sufficient in the ocean, and sink to the bottom.
  • Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity, and density meet. Warm air is "lighter" than cool air. Warm air rises over cool air
  • Slightly negative charges on a oxygen and slight positive charge on the hydrogen, oxygen has high electronegativity. Electrical opposite. Bonding, by the fact that they establish hydrogen bonds,
Understand how the Floridan aquifer is confined.
  • 250 yrs ago - Pangea 150 million yrs ago - Pangeo broke and carried with it a flat platform150 mya - 50 million yrs ago building of platform (older limestone) due to carbonate deposition50-25 mya - water bearing unit deposited, high sea levels25-5 mya sea levels dropped - upper confining layer- formed by applachian sediments - interruption of suwannee current
  • 150 MYA and 25 MYA , warm shallow water, higher sea levels, building of a platform due to carbonate deposition, limestone platform, solid rock torn from the African continent during the breakup of Pangea, drags shallowing submerged platform with it, appropriate for shallow conditions, and they proliferate on the platform and build for million years, 150 mya to 25 mya, sea level is high keeps it submerged. Varies in thickness. Rock, limestone 150 yrs - 50yrs, water-bearing 50 -25, 25 - clay- stopped limestone because Suwannee current stopped flowing due to lower sea levels.
  • -Frontal: Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meet -Orographic: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing in to the land from the sea encounters a natural barrier -Convective: Rising of warm, moist air due to surface heating
  • (50 mya)A water-bearing formation is located between impermeable layers of clay, rock, or shale. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Clay from applachians . Forms the upper confinement for the water bearing unit. Deposit on top of the lime stone. Below zone is less permeable material, above zone is porous Limestone.
The majority of Florida's water use is from groundwater sources. T/F
  • True.
  • Florida's lack of topography since the highest point only 345ft (Britton Hill). Sustainable gradients are not possible in Florida.
  • true
  • Euphotic - light sufficient for photosynthesis; dysphotic- light insufficient for photosynthesis
The highest elevation in Florida is 345 ft. T/F
  • true
  • ocean
  • False
  • sinkholes
Know how hydrogen and oxygen are bonded within a single water molecule. Know the name of the bond.
  • 0-30o north latitude: east to west, (africa to florida) tropical easterlies 30-60o north latitude: west to east (west coast to east coast), prevailing westerlies
  • Oceans can contain≈ 1000x more heat energy than does the atmosphere. Ocean currents redistribute this heat energy.
  • Covalent bond, sharing of electrons completes both shells
  • latent heat of vaporization: Amount of heat ADDED to water to change it from a liquid to a gas (evaporate 1g of water) (580 cal/g) latent heat of condensation: Amount of heat REMOVED from gaseous water to change it from a gas to a liquid (580 cal/g), extensive hydrogen bonds.
Understand the relationships between aquifer recharge, elevation, and groundwater flow directions in Florida.
  • Recharge of the Floridan occurs at high elevations in the central part of the peninsula.
  • Slightly negative charges on a oxygen and slight positive charge on the hydrogen, oxygen has high electronegativity. Electrical opposite. Bonding, by the fact that they establish hydrogen bonds,
  • Areas near the equator receive more heat than areas in northern and southern latitudes. Evaporation of water and rising air near the equator transfer large amounts of heat energy to the atmosphere. This energy is transported to cooler northern and southern latitudes by moving air masses (as gaseous water). When this air eventually cools, it releases the heat acquired at the equator, warming the air at other latitudes
  • -Frontal: Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meet -Orographic: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing in to the land from the sea encounters a natural barrier -Convective: Rising of warm, moist air due to surface heating
Understand how hydrologic connections are maintained between surface and groundwater in Florida.
  • the amount of heat input required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius, it requires 1 calorie of heat input to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius, 1cal/g/C
  • Lakes and sinks can serve as a source of recharge for the aquifer. Hole underneath surface of earth, depressional area opens close to surface and caverns and caves carry water throughout aquifer. Know the general geographic location in FL where the majority of aquifer recharge takes place and why. Towards the center of the state; sinkhole activity, some of the highest elevations of the state.
  • Recharge of the Floridan occurs at high elevations in the central part of the peninsula.
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
Know the time period during which the water-bearing elements of the Floridan aquifer developed.
  • Early/middle Eocene: 150-50 mya formed older limestone, Oligocene: 50-25mya million years ago water-bearing units,
  • Water under pressure (flowing down from highest elevation) breaks through upper confining layers producing water at the surface, well - moves up to try to get back to level elevation.
  • True
  • confined and consolidated.
Sinkholes are responsible for a majority of lake formation in florida.
  • True
  • Covalent
  • false
  • False.
Understand the definition and mechanism of condensation. Understand that energy must be removed or released from water in the gaseous phase to return it to the liquid phase. In other words, heat is released to the surrounding environment when water vapor condenses.
  • Condensation is the process of converting gaseous water to liquid water. When water condenses, energy is transferred from the gaseous water to the surrounding air or the surface on which it is condensing. This removes the energy from the gaseous water and the air or surface is heated.
  • Evaporation is the process of turning a liquid into a gas. Liquid water absorbs heat and becomes more energetic and becomes more mobile but before it can go into the gaseous phase it has to break loose from its hydrogen bonds. The energy used to effect the phase change remains with the gaseous water.
  • Calcification of organisms; scallops, corals, oysters, foramifera; calcium + carbonate = calcium carbonate; create conditions around their bodies.
  • -Frontal: Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meet -Orographic: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing in to the land from the sea encounters a natural barrier -Convective: Rising of warm, moist air due to surface heating
Understand the 3 basic sinkhole types, the materials overlying the carbonates for each, and how they form.
  • Gulf trough formed the Georgia channel and Suwanee Current isolated the Florida Platform from sandy, silty, and clayey sediments, allowing carbonates to build for millions of years. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Deposit on top of the lime stone.
  • The type of sinkhole depend on the type and thickness of the material overlying limestone. Dissolution = chemical erosion of limestone at the surface (overlying material is thin and sandy), Subsidence - gradual infill of overburden into a solution cavity (overlying material is mostly thick sands (up to 200ft) and some clays, sand trickles into underlying caverns creating a depression), Cover Collapse = abrupt collapse of overburden (thick, cohesive clayey on top of limestone) (erosion as water moves through caversn disrupts structure.
  • 150 MYA and 25 MYA , warm shallow water, higher sea levels, building of a platform due to carbonate deposition, limestone platform, solid rock torn from the African continent during the breakup of Pangea, drags shallowing submerged platform with it, appropriate for shallow conditions, and they proliferate on the platform and build for million years, 150 mya to 25 mya, sea level is high keeps it submerged. Varies in thickness. Rock, limestone 150 yrs - 50yrs, water-bearing 50 -25, 25 - clay- stopped limestone because Suwannee current stopped flowing due to lower sea levels.
  • Areas near the equator receive more heat than areas in northern and southern latitudes. Evaporation of water and rising air near the equator transfer large amounts of heat energy to the atmosphere. This energy is transported to cooler northern and southern latitudes by moving air masses (as gaseous water). When this air eventually cools, it releases the heat acquired at the equator, warming the air at other latitudes
Florida is characterized by karst landscapes because it is extensively underlain by granite.
  • False
  • False.
  • true
  • True.
Know what Karst landscapes are and their general features. Why does FL have extensive areas of karst?
  • Calcium carbonates are made porous by acid dissolution. This creates larges caves and solution cavities. Rainwater is naturally acidic; reacts with the calcium carbonate and dissolves the rock.
  • Surface features "fall" into underlying cavities in limestone, karst landscapes include sinkholes, springs, depressions, lakes., manifestation of areas that are underlain by carbonates,
  • Recharge of the Floridan occurs at high elevations in the central part of the peninsula.
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
Understand why it rains relatively predictably in Florida during the summer and the relationship to water's heat capacity relative to land.
  • Temperatures of large standing bodies of water remain relatively constant in regard to air temperature. They absorb large quantities of heat energy and this thermal buffering protects life on Earth from otherwise possibly lethal temperature fluctuations.
  • latent heat of vaporization: Amount of heat ADDED to water to change it from a liquid to a gas (evaporate 1g of water) (580 cal/g) latent heat of condensation: Amount of heat REMOVED from gaseous water to change it from a gas to a liquid (580 cal/g), extensive hydrogen bonds.
  • Slightly negative charges on a oxygen and slight positive charge on the hydrogen, oxygen has high electronegativity. Electrical opposite. Bonding, by the fact that they establish hydrogen bonds,
  • Because of the rising of warm, moist air which is due to surface heating (convective rainfall) The heat capacity of water is much higher than land. Gulf, atlantic, and florida, heat up land faster, lower heat capacity, hot air rises, creates updraft, making a vacuum, air flows in from ocean, contains vapor, flows up, moisture into the atmosphere. Rises high enough releases heat, recondecnes and rainfall.
Dissolution
  • Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity, and density meet. Warm air is "lighter" than cool air. Warm air rises over cool air
  • A type of river that drains pine flatwoods and cypress swamps and has dark, stained waters from decomposing plant material. The Withlacoochee, Hillsborough and Peace rivers are examples
  • chemical erosion of limestone at the surface - thin sandy overburden - gradual
  • — A type of river with a large, well-defined watershed that carries a high sediment load and has a large forested floodplain. The Apalachicola, Choctawhatchee, Escambia and Ochlockonee rivers are examples.
Sinkhole lakes are an important source of recharge for the Florida Aquifer.
  • limestone
  • True
  • A/C
  • false
During the development of the Florida platform, sealevels were generally higher than at present. T/F
  • true
  • gyres
  • False
  • True.
Understand what is meant by "precipitation" and how it applies to limestone formation.
  • Lakes and sinks can serve as a source of recharge for the aquifer. Hole underneath surface of earth, depressional area opens close to surface and caverns and caves carry water throughout aquifer. Know the general geographic location in FL where the majority of aquifer recharge takes place and why. Towards the center of the state; sinkhole activity, some of the highest elevations of the state.
  • Gulf trough formed the Georgia channel and Suwanee Current isolated the Florida Platform from sandy, silty, and clayey sediments, allowing carbonates to build for millions of years. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Deposit on top of the lime stone.
  • As water moves through the watershed, it dissolves salts and minerals that naturally exist in the environment. These dissolved salts are ultimately delivered to the ocean. Evaporation from oceans concentrates salts. 3.5% salinity. Water moving across the landscape, during their transit dissolves and delivered to the ocean.
  • When two or more compatible ions become sufficiently concentrated in water they ca re-form the solid. Calcium, magnesium, carbonate are sufficient in the ocean, and sink to the bottom.
Most of Florida's overall water use is from groundwater. T/F
  • False
  • O2
  • true
  • Groundwater flows from the central part of the state to the coasts.
Understand how the Gulf Stream moderates climate in England, Ireland, etc.
  • Oceans can contain≈ 1000x more heat energy than does the atmosphere. Ocean currents redistribute this heat energy.
  • Early/middle Eocene: 150-50 mya formed older limestone, Oligocene: 50-25mya million years ago water-bearing units,
  • an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons, as a cation (positive ion) which is created by electron loss and is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis, or as an anion (negative ion) which is created by an electron gain and is attracted to the anode.
  • The movement of warm water from the gulf stream (equator) upwards towards England and Ireland makes the climate warmer compared to other areas at similar latitudes.
Water molecules are polar. T/F
  • acid
  • False
  • true
  • ocean
Elements in the same column of the periodic table often have similar chemical properties: True or False
  • true
  • true.
  • False
  • False.
The Floridan aquifer is confined.
  • True
  • False
  • Covalent
  • True.
Air moving from about 30 degrees north towards the equator tends to cool equatorial regions. T/F
  • A/C
  • False
  • Covalent bond, sharing of electrons completes both shells
  • true
About 80% of Florida's groundwater comes from _____ deposits that underlie the state.
  • True
  • False
  • limestone
  • ocean
The most frequently reported sinkholes are cover collapse sinkholes.
  • Cover collapse
  • True
  • True.
  • False
The heat capacity of water is equal to __________
  • 580 cal/g oC
  • False
  • ocean
  • Small, shallow, and warm
Know the 3 basic types of Florida rivers.
  • change temperatures very slowly.
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
  • Alluvial, Blackwater, Spring-fed
  • Euphotic - light sufficient for photosynthesis; dysphotic- light insufficient for photosynthesis
Most of the sun's energy is absorbed by the ________________
  • False
  • O2
  • True
  • ocean
The Floridan aquifer is consolidated / unconsolidated.
  • acid
  • Consolidated
  • 7 billion
  • true
Water in the Floridan moves generally from the center of the state towards the coast.
  • limestone
  • true
  • acid
  • Covalent
Understand the basics of orographic rainfall and how rain shadows are produced
  • Orographic rainfall: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing into the land/mountains side from the sea encounters a natural barrier, cools off the water and rains, dry on the other side. Rainshadow: a region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills
  • (50 mya)A water-bearing formation is located between impermeable layers of clay, rock, or shale. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Clay from applachians . Forms the upper confinement for the water bearing unit. Deposit on top of the lime stone. Below zone is less permeable material, above zone is porous Limestone.
  • Water retains heat and moderates body temperature; the blood of the human body is 80% water. Water prevents rapid fluctuations in body temperature.
  • -Frontal: Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meet -Orographic: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing in to the land from the sea encounters a natural barrier -Convective: Rising of warm, moist air due to surface heating
Spring-fed river
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
  • Euphotic - light sufficient for photosynthesis; dysphotic- light insufficient for photosynthesis
  • A type of river with cool, clear water issuing from springs. Examples include the Weeki Wachee, Rainbow and Crystal rivers.
  • Karst erosion, takes place when underground limestone is dissolved by carbon dioxide enriched water.
Know the directions of the prevailing winds between 0 and 30o north latitude and between 30 and 60o north latitude.
  • Hydrogen bond
  • 0-30o north latitude: east to west, (africa to florida) tropical easterlies 30-60o north latitude: west to east (west coast to east coast), prevailing westerlies
  • January - freeze protection; May - heavy pumping for agriculture
  • Groundwater flows from the central part of the state to the coasts.
Chemical bonding within a single water molecule is by covalent bonding. T / F
  • False
  • true
  • True.
  • A/C
Know the 3 basic features of Florida lakes.
  • karst erosion, sinkholes - subsidence
  • Freezing Point - 0 degrees Celsius, Boiling Point - 100 degrees Celsius
  • Small, shallow, and warm
  • Florida's lack of topography since the highest point only 345ft (Britton Hill). Sustainable gradients are not possible in Florida.
Circular surface currents in the oceans are called ______.
  • true
  • limestone
  • gyres
  • False
Substances with high heat capacities absorb large amounts of heat, but change temperatures very slowly. T/F
  • False.
  • acid
  • true
  • False
Understand the definition and mechanism of evaporation. Understand also that the energy absorbed to evaporate water remains with the water in the gaseous state.
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
  • Evaporation is the process of turning a liquid into a gas. Liquid water absorbs heat and becomes more energetic and becomes more mobile but before it can go into the gaseous phase it has to break loose from its hydrogen bonds. The energy used to effect the phase change remains with the gaseous water.
  • Oceans can contain≈ 1000x more heat energy than does the atmosphere. Ocean currents redistribute this heat energy.
  • As water moves through the watershed, it dissolves salts and minerals that naturally exist in the environment. These dissolved salts are ultimately delivered to the ocean. Evaporation from oceans concentrates salts. 3.5% salinity. Water moving across the landscape, during their transit dissolves and delivered to the ocean.
Limestone is the common name for what compound?
  • Alluvial, Blackwater, Spring-fed
  • karst erosion, sinkholes - subsidence
  • 7 billion
  • Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
Know the most common origin of lakes in Florida.
  • Consolidated
  • Alluvial, Blackwater, Spring-fed
  • karst erosion, sinkholes - subsidence
  • Hydrogen bond
The boiling point of water is ___ degrees Celsius.
  • 100
  • False
  • true
  • 580 cal/g oC
Understand how pressure is created in the Floridan aquifer and how this is related to artesian conditions.
  • Early/middle Eocene: 150-50 mya formed older limestone, Oligocene: 50-25mya million years ago water-bearing units,
  • Water retains heat and moderates body temperature; the blood of the human body is 80% water. Water prevents rapid fluctuations in body temperature.
  • Water under pressure (flowing down from highest elevation) breaks through upper confining layers producing water at the surface, well - moves up to try to get back to level elevation.
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
Oxygen has a high electronegativity. T/F
  • limestone
  • true
  • True.
  • False
Okeechobee is what type of lake?
  • acid
  • Alluvial, Blackwater, Spring-fed
  • Ancient depression
  • Hydrogen bonding
Limestone is made porous by acid dissolution of the solid rock.
  • true.
  • right
  • A/C
  • True
Florida's principal aquifer system is
  • confined and consolidated.
  • Consolidated
  • 7 billion
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
The Floridan aquifer is consolidated.
  • gyres
  • True
  • False
  • Consolidated
What is the wettest place in the U.S. and the driest place on earth?
  • karst erosion, sinkholes - subsidence
  • Recharge of the Floridan occurs at high elevations in the central part of the peninsula.
  • change temperatures very slowly.
  • driest place: Atacama desert wettest place: Mount Waialealein, Hawaii
Understand why continental silicon-based materials did not intrude substantially on the platform for approximately 125 mil. years and the changes that occurred that allowed them to influence the FL platform subsequently.
  • Gulf trough formed the Georgia channel and Suwanee Current isolated the Florida Platform from sandy, silty, and clayey sediments, allowing carbonates to build for millions of years. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Deposit on top of the lime stone.
  • Because of the rising of warm, moist air which is due to surface heating (convective rainfall) The heat capacity of water is much higher than land. Gulf, atlantic, and florida, heat up land faster, lower heat capacity, hot air rises, creates updraft, making a vacuum, air flows in from ocean, contains vapor, flows up, moisture into the atmosphere. Rises high enough releases heat, recondecnes and rainfall.
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
  • -Frontal: Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meet -Orographic: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing in to the land from the sea encounters a natural barrier -Convective: Rising of warm, moist air due to surface heating
Understand how artesian aquifers produce springs, the conditions necessary, and where these conditions tend to dominate in Florida.
  • Water retains heat and moderates body temperature; the blood of the human body is 80% water. Water prevents rapid fluctuations in body temperature.
  • Calcium and carbonate are at near saturation levels in oceans (amounts are close to a threshold to participate).
  • Orographic rainfall: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing into the land/mountains side from the sea encounters a natural barrier, cools off the water and rains, dry on the other side. Rainshadow: a region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
Know the two months during which the most new sinkholes are reported.
  • Mosquito repellent and A/C, ww2 veterans
  • January - freeze protection; May - heavy pumping for agriculture
  • Euphotic - light sufficient for photosynthesis; dysphotic- light insufficient for photosynthesis
  • Groundwater flows from the central part of the state to the coasts.
Sinkhole lakes are important source of recharge for the Floridan aquifer.
  • True.
  • True
  • False
  • acid
Water in the Floridan is under pressure.
  • acid
  • ocean
  • True.
  • True
Florida has more artesian springs than any other state T/F
  • Gravity
  • ocean
  • False
  • true
Know the definition of heat capacity and the value for water. (Note the units)
  • Slightly negative charges on a oxygen and slight positive charge on the hydrogen, oxygen has high electronegativity. Electrical opposite. Bonding, by the fact that they establish hydrogen bonds,
  • the amount of heat input required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius, it requires 1 calorie of heat input to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius, 1cal/g/C
  • Orographic rainfall: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing into the land/mountains side from the sea encounters a natural barrier, cools off the water and rains, dry on the other side. Rainshadow: a region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills
  • Freezing Point - 0 degrees Celsius, Boiling Point - 100 degrees Celsius
Some marine invertebrates have the ability to enhance the precipitation of CaCOT/F
  • A/C
  • true
  • limestone
  • gyres
Understand how cold fronts and warm fronts produce rainfall.
  • Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity, and density meet. Warm air is "lighter" than cool air. Warm air rises over cool air
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
  • When two or more compatible ions become sufficiently concentrated in water they ca re-form the solid. Calcium, magnesium, carbonate are sufficient in the ocean, and sink to the bottom.
  • (50 mya)A water-bearing formation is located between impermeable layers of clay, rock, or shale. Stopped 25 million years ago, dramatic drop in sea level. Clay from applachians . Forms the upper confinement for the water bearing unit. Deposit on top of the lime stone. Below zone is less permeable material, above zone is porous Limestone.
Understand basically how ocean surface currents redistribute heat, how this is related to heat capacity; also know what a gyre is.
  • Calcium carbonates are made porous by acid dissolution. This creates larges caves and solution cavities. Rainwater is naturally acidic; reacts with the calcium carbonate and dissolves the rock.
  • -Frontal: Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meet -Orographic: Warm moisture-laden wind blowing in to the land from the sea encounters a natural barrier -Convective: Rising of warm, moist air due to surface heating
  • Oceans can contain≈ 1000x more heat energy than does the atmosphere. Ocean currents redistribute this heat energy.
  • Springs form at low elevations relative to recharge area (creates pressure) where the upper confining unit is thin or absent (allows water to reemerge at the surface.), water is under pressure,
The upper confining layer for the Floridan aquifer is derived from Applachian erosional sediments.
  • Hydrogen bond
  • true
  • False
  • True.
Collapse
  • A type of river that drains pine flatwoods and cypress swamps and has dark, stained waters from decomposing plant material. The Withlacoochee, Hillsborough and Peace rivers are examples
  • thick clay on top of limestone - abrupt collapse - erosion of clays as water moves through the underlying caverns disrupts clay structure.
  • Two masses of air of different temperature, humidity, and density meet. Warm air is "lighter" than cool air. Warm air rises over cool air
  • chemical erosion of limestone at the surface - thin sandy overburden - gradual
In some regions of the state, groundwater flow directions have been altered by heavy pumping of the aquifer.
  • Water under pressure (flowing down from highest elevation) breaks through upper confining layers producing water at the surface, well - moves up to try to get back to level elevation.
  • True
  • True.
  • An electrostatic bond is established between the water molecules creating a hydrogen bond. High electronegativity of oxygen, electrons shared btw hydrogen and oxygen (covalent), not shared equally (clustered near the oxygen)
The upper confining layer for the Floridan is derived from Appalachian erosional sediments.
  • True
  • true.
  • acid
  • False.
When gaseous moisture condenses, it releases heat into the surrounding air. T/F
  • true
  • Gravity
  • A/C
  • Temperatures of large standing bodies of water remain relatively constant in regard to air temperature. They absorb large quantities of heat energy and this thermal buffering protects life on Earth from otherwise possibly lethal temperature fluctuations.
Winds in the northern hemisphere are deflected to the ___ of the direction of travel.
  • true
  • True.
  • right
  • False
Most of the Floridan recharge occurs near the coast .
  • true
  • acid
  • False
  • ocean
Know the generalized direction of groundwater flow in Florida.
  • Florida's lack of topography since the highest point only 345ft (Britton Hill). Sustainable gradients are not possible in Florida.
  • Freezing Point - 0 degrees Celsius, Boiling Point - 100 degrees Celsius
  • 7 billion gallons/day; 4.4 groundwater; 2.6 surface; 63 percent groundwater
  • Groundwater flows from the central part of the state to the coasts.
Much of the recharge of the Floridan occurs in the central part of the state. T/F
  • limestone
  • Hydrogen bond
  • true
  • gyres
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