Expanded congress' ability to use its implied powers.
  • Commission Plan
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964
  • McCullough VS. Maryland Court Case (1819)
  • Political Action Committees
Ruled that African American citizens can not be U.S. citizens and that congress has no power to forbid slavery in U.S. territories.
  • Dred Scott Court Case (1757)
  • Dred Scott Court Case (1857)
  • Dred Scott Court Case (1856)
  • Dred Scott Court Case (1957)
Voters elect commissioners that serve as department heads, and also pass ordinances.
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Federal System
  • Commission Plan
  • Council-manager Plan
Delegated powers of congress are to borrow money, levy taxes, regulate trade with foreign countries, create a national currency, establish bankruptcy laws, declare war, and issue copyrights and patents. Nonlegislative powers are impeachment, review executive policies, approval of agencies, and make appropriations.
  • Powers of Congress
  • Checks and Balances
  • Concurrent Powers
  • Executive Powers
Primary trial courts with origional jurisdiction only, and regularly use grand juries.
  • District Court
  • Supreme Court
  • Court Of Appeals
  • Judicial Review
The name given to federal government employees who are hired and promoted based on merit.
  • Civil Service
  • Double Jeopardy
  • Communism
  • Monarchy
A judicial decision that is used as a standard in later similar cases.
  • Parlimentary Government
  • Closed Primaries
  • Precedent and its Importance
  • Overriding a Presidential Veto
A 2/3 vote from the members of both houses is needed to override a veto the president put on a congressionally passed bill.
  • Judicial Review
  • Overriding a Presidential Veto
  • Appellate Court/court of Appeals
  • Impeachment
The view of the supreme court justices who agree with a particular ruling.
  • Dissenting Opinion
  • Judicial Review
  • Concurring Opinion
  • Majority Opinion
Protects against civil liberty violations:Federal and state government must not deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property by unfair or unreasonable actions.
  • Powers Of Foreign Policy (executive+congressional)
  • State Of The Union Address
  • Seventeenth Amendment
  • Fourteenth Amendment: Due Process/Equal Rights
A form of government in which governmental powers are divided between a central authority and a number of regional political subdivisions.
  • Direct Democracy
  • Unitary System
  • Republic
  • Federal System
The powers that the constitution sets aside for the state governments.
  • Concurrent Powers
  • Checks And Balances
  • Judicial Review
  • Reserved Powers
There are three ways to become a U.S. citizen: natural born, naturalization, being born and traveling abroad.
  • Citizenship Requirements
  • Literacy Requirements
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • Original Jurisdiction
The governments right to take control of private property for public use.
  • Eminent Domain
  • Judicial Review
  • Due Process
  • Double Jeopardy
A presidential agreement, not requiring the Senate's approval, with another head of state.
  • Impeachment
  • Executive Agreement
  • Checks And Balances
  • Executive Order
The president is the chief navigator with foreign nations, but senate must confirm all treaties by a two-thirds agreement vote.
  • Council-manager Plan
  • Treaty Making Powers
  • Executive Agreement
  • Executive Order
Freedom of speech and flag desecration.
  • Changes on Foreign Policy (9-11 and Cold War)
  • Bill of Rights (Limiting Government Power)
  • Civil Disobedence of First Amendment
  • Declaration of Independence
Voters will join a political party, the most common are Democratic, Republican, and Independent. Voters are allowed to and will change their political party at anytime. Those whom support a party may donate money, encourage others to join, and attend party meeting.
  • Voter Behavior
  • Fourteenth Amendment: Due Process/equal Rights
  • Franchise Percentage
  • General Elction
A sytem of government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.
  • Republic
  • Dictatorship
  • Monarchy
  • Democracy
A proposed law is presented to a committee in a hearing. After the hearing, then must go through the house rules committee, is then brought into a debate during floor action, then must be voted upon. If passed by both houses, the bill must be signed by the president
  • Authoritarian System
  • Executive Order
  • Law Making Process
  • Fourteenth Amendment
A government's financial assistance to other countries including military weapons, mediacal care, loans, and food to achieve better relationships with other countries.
  • Eminent Domain
  • Reserved Powers
  • Judicial Review
  • Uses of Foreign Aid
Required by the constitution, and usually after an election, the president calls together both houses to give an address, and gain legislative support for his mentioned ideas.
  • Executive Order
  • Executive Agreement
  • Commander-in-chief
  • State of the Union Address
A system in which policies are made by officials accountable to the people who elected them.
  • Checks And Balances
  • Representative Government
  • Limited Government
  • Due Process
Rights belonging to a citizen or member of society, regardless of race, sex, or national origin, to recieve equal treatment under the law.
  • Jim Crow Laws
  • Civil Rights
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • Civil Liberties
Broadened the defenition of commerce and established that a state cannot interfere with congress's right to regulate interstate commerce.
  • Marbury VS. Madison Court Case (1803)
  • Brown VS. Board of Education Court Case (1954)
  • Gibbons VS. Ogden Court Case (1824)
  • Powers of Foreign Policy (Executive+Congressional)
Congress is bicameral, there are two senators per state and representatives by population in the House of representatives.
  • Declaration Of Independence
  • Tenth Amendment
  • Great Compromise
  • Preamble
A group of people organized to influence government throughout winning elections and setting public policy.
  • Political ideology
  • National Conventions (Political Parties)
  • Political party
  • State of the union address
Early attitudes and the sufferage movement (1840-1920), discrimination and growing concerns (1920-1970), Court decisions (1970-1976), and recent issues (1976-present)
  • Fourteenth Amendment: Due Process/Equal Rights
  • Concurrent Powers
  • Sufferage Over Time
  • Powers of Congress
Makes discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin illegal in public places. Also forbids employers with more than fifteen employees to deny a person employment based on religion, race, color, or national origin.
  • Civil Rights Act of 1954
  • Civil Rights Act of 1965
  • Civil Rights Act of 1963
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964
A tactic, often a lengthy speech or debate, designed in order to delay the Senate's vote on a bill.
  • Judicial Review
  • Impeachment
  • Cloture
  • Filibuster
Right to bear arms
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Tenth Amendment
  • First Amendment
  • Second Amendment
An economic system characterized by open competition in a free market and based on private ownership.
  • Socialism
  • Democracy
  • Capitalism
  • Communism
A tax on land and buildings, usually levied by local government.
  • Eminent Domain
  • State Taxes
  • Property Taxes
  • Jim Crow Laws
The sum of money borrowed by the federal government but, not yet repaid.
  • Judicial Review
  • Budget Deficit
  • National Debt
  • Federal Deficit
The process by which a proposed public measure is voted upon.
  • Recall
  • Referendum
  • Initiative
  • Impeachment
The principle, guaranteed in the constitution, that the state and federal governments must not deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property by unfair or unreasonable actions.
  • Due Process
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • Checks And Balances
  • Judicial Review
Distribution of representatives among congressional districts in unequal proportion the their population.
  • Bicameralism
  • Filibuster
  • Malapportionment
  • Referendum
A political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have all of the power.
  • Confederacy
  • Democracy
  • Unitary System
  • Preamble
Restricts the president's power during wars. Requires to report in writing to congress withing 48 hours after placing troops in trouble spots. Congress must then authorize the action withing 60 days, or the president must withdrawl the troops.
  • War Powers Act
  • Executive Order
  • Executive Agreement
  • Presidential Succession
18-year-old right to vote
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • First Amendment
  • Twenty-Sixth Amendment
  • Nineteenth Amendment
An economic condition in which the goverment's spending exceeds its revenues.
  • Federal Deficit
  • Federal Spending
  • Mixed Economy
  • National Debt
The supreme court opinion by one or more justices in the minority who oppose the majority ruling.
  • Dissenting Opinion
  • Concurring Opinion
  • Judicial Review
  • Majority Opinion
Powers of states and people
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Tenth Amendment
  • Second Amendment
  • First Amendment
Taxes set by local and state governments on purchased items, annual income, and licenses.
  • State Taxes
  • Concurrent Powers
  • Property Taxes
  • Conservative
Maintains international peace, investigate international disputes or situations, recommend ways of fixing disputes, regulate armaments, take military action, and to accept members.
  • UN Security Council
  • Impeachment
  • Un General Assembly
  • World Bank
Ruled that the seperation of races in public schools is unconstitutional.
  • Brown VS. Board of Education Court Case (1954)
  • Voter Regulations
  • McCullough VS. Maryland Court Case (1819)
  • Executive Powers
First a candidate makes their announcement explaining their decision to run. next, the candidate works to win enough delegates in order to be nominated to a party. Thirdly, a convention is held in which party leaders nominate a candidate. Lastly, a general election is held.
  • Presidential Election
  • Recall
  • Referendum
  • Initiative
Created to keep elastic clause from being stretched, and to restrict governmental powers. Overlooked during McCulloch VS. Maryland case. During the civil war, supremacy clause guaranteed that the union could not be dissolved.
  • Surpreme court
  • Executive powers
  • Surpremacy Clause and changes
  • Dred scott court case (1857)
The right to interpret and apply the law; a court's range of authority.
  • Filibuster
  • Judicial Review
  • Due Process
  • Jurisdiction
A person expressing political views or policies favor the use of governmental power to promote individual liberties and social progress.
  • Socialism
  • Liberal
  • Conservative
  • Moderate
Military powers, diplomatic powers, executive powers, and legislative powers.
  • Parlimentary Government
  • Appellate Court/Court of Appeals
  • President's Constitutional Powers
  • Presidential Government
Written by John Locke, and expresses enlightenment philosophy and the principles of the consent of the governed and natural rights.
  • Citizenship Requirements
  • Concurring Opinion
  • Civil Rights
  • Second Treasties of Government
A person must have at least three months of U.S. citizenship, must be at least 18-years-old, state citizenship of at least 10 days, and must register to vote.
  • Voter Regulations
  • Weak Mayor Council Plan
  • Council-Manager Plan
  • Influence on Partisan Votes
Freedom of speech and press including pure speech, speech plus, symbolic speech, and flag burning.
  • Tenth Amendment
  • First Amendment
  • Second Amendment
  • Fourteenth Amendment
A democracy in which the Supreme power lies with the citizens to vote for officials and representatives responsible to them.
  • Republic
  • Democracy
  • Monarchy
  • Representative Democracy
The process by which voters can vote to remove the public official from office.
  • Impeachment
  • Recall
  • Referendum
  • Initiative
A democratic system of government in which policies are made by officials accountable to the people who elected them.
  • Representative Democracy
  • Monarchy
  • Republic
  • Direct Democracy
Direct election of senators
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Nineteenth Amendment
  • Seventeenth Amendment
  • Twenty-first Amendment
A form of government in which the executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislature.
  • Political Culture
  • Parlimentary Government
  • Parlimentary System
  • Dictatorship
Those who opposed the adoption of the constitution.
  • Great Compromise
  • Civil Rights
  • Anti-Federalists
  • Direct Democracy
...One term is four years.
  • Uses of Foreign Aid
  • Term in Office of a Federal Judge
  • Citizenship Requirements
  • Term of Presidential Office
The act of bringing a person to trial a second time for the same crime.
  • Eminent Domain
  • Double Jeopardy
  • Probable Cause
  • Due Process
All of government's actions and programs that address issues and problems in society, or work toward a national goal.
  • Public Policy
  • Sovereignty
  • Direct Democracy
  • Popular Sovereignty
The specified procedure by which a vacancy in the presidency is filled.
  • Impeachment
  • Presidential Succession
  • Executive Order
  • Platform
The authority of a nation-state's right to rule itself.
  • Monarchy
  • Democracy
  • Sovereignty
  • Republic
Stat and local laws that discriminated against African-Americans and supported segregation.
  • Jim Crow Laws
  • Referendum
  • Civil Liberties
  • Civil Rights
A policy or practice of cooperation among nations, especially in politics and economic matters.
  • Socialism
  • Imperialism
  • Internationalism
  • Collective Security
A group of people with similar believes and ideas, who try to influence the government through multiple political ways.
  • Political Party
  • Federalists
  • Preamble
  • Democracy
Right to Vote
  • Thirteenth
  • Fifthteenth Amendment
  • Seventeenth Amendment
  • Fourteenth Amendment
Women's sufferage
  • Fourteenth Amendment
  • Nineteenth Amendment
  • Seventeenth Amendment
  • Twenty-sixth Amendment
...
  • Capitalism
  • Privatization
  • Communism
  • Socialism
Preserve national security by promoting a safe and secure global enviroment, promote world peace, balance powers, work with allies to solve international problems, promote democratic values and human rights, and further trade with foreign nations.
  • Declaration of independence
  • Unitary system
  • Powers of Foreign Policy (Executive+Congressional)
  • Civil disobedence Of First amendment
The president has the executive powers to appoint officers and justices to the Supreme Court, remove individuals at will, grant pardons and grant amnesty.
  • Concurrent Powers
  • Checks And Balances
  • Executive Powers
  • Reserved Powers
A form of government in which all powers of the government are held by a single unit or agency.
  • Checks And Balances
  • Democracy
  • Unitary System
  • Federal System
The actions, decisions, and principles that guide the U.S. government's relationship with other nations. The cold war replaced the soviet unions with new individual republics.
  • Changes on Foreign Policy (9-11 and Cold War)
  • Tenth Amendment
  • Executive Order
  • Commission Plan
The decision of three fifths of senate to limit or end debate on an issue and call for a vote.
  • Cloture
  • Filibuster
  • Impeachment
  • Referendum
Candidates use mass media to influence the voters through newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet.
  • United Nations and its Purposes
  • Second Treasties of Government
  • Mass Media and Candidates Usage
  • Precedent and its Importance
Established the power of the supreme court to declare an act of congress or the executive branch unconstitutional
  • Brown VS. Board of Education Court Case (1954)
  • Marbury VS. Madison Court Case (1803)
  • Roe VS. Wade Court Case (1973)
  • Gibbons VS. Ogden Court Case (1824)
Influence in political activities; the sense that one can make a difference through political participation.
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • Political Efficacy
  • Direct Democracy
  • Civil Liberties
Repeal of prohibition
  • Twenty-sixth Amendment
  • Twenty-First Amendment
  • Nineteenth Amendment
  • Fourteenth Amendment
The world's best known international peace-keeping organization. Consists of the U.S., Britain, France, China, and Russia whom create policies for the U.S. and other countries and sponsor international programs focused on economic development, health, education, and wlfare concerns.
  • United Nations and its Purposes
  • Political Participation (examples)
  • Miranda Rights Court Case (1966)
  • Presidential Government
A national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries.
  • Communism
  • Imperialism
  • Isolationism
  • Capitalism
Democrats work to create equality, want social security, are considered liberals, are more humanitarian, levy higher taxes, are for government regulations and are pro-choice. Republicans dont want guns, believe you earn what you work for, don't support welfare, don't force integration, are considered to be conservatives, want traditional values, only assist countries of NATO and the UN, and are for the death penalty.
  • Differences between Democrats and Republicans
  • Powers Denied to the States (Delegated powers)
  • Mass Media and Candidates Usage
  • Appellate Court/Court of Appeals
Added to the constitution in 1791, this keeps the national government from limiting personal freedoms.
  • Twenty-Fourth Amendment
  • Executive Order
  • Bill of Rights (Limiting Government Power)
  • Declaration of Independence
People selected in each state who gather to formally cast their ballots for the president and vice president.
  • Political Action Committees
  • Powers of Congress
  • Electoral College and its Role
  • Seperation of Church and State
A system in which government's powers are restricted and individuals' rights are protected.
  • Checks And Balances
  • Judicial Review
  • Limited Government
  • Popular Sovereignty
The power of economic planning, the power of executive privelege, the power of impoundment, and the power of persuasion.
  • Dissenting Opinion
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • Impact of Crisis on the Presidential Office
  • Campaign Costs and Candidate Spending
A system of government in which the state controls the means of production.
  • Communism
  • Capitalism
  • Democracy
  • Socialism
Abolition of poll taxes
  • Twenty-first Amendment
  • Twenty-Fourth Amendment
  • Twenty-sixth Amendment
  • Nineteenth Amendment
Originally, members of the Senate were selected by the state legislatures for staggered 6 year terms, in accordance with Article 1, Section 3 of the Constitution.
  • President's Constitutional Powers
  • Powers Denied to the States (Delegated powers)
  • Primaries
  • Original Method of Electing House Members
A regularly scheduled election in which all voters vote for the winners for each office.
  • Influence on Partisan Votes
  • Conservative
  • Veto Power
  • General Elction
A government in which the ruler's power is hereditary.
  • Dictatorship
  • Monarchy
  • Democracy
  • Republic
Natural-born citizenship, residency of at least fourteen years, and must be at least thirty-five years of age.
  • United Nations and its Purposes
  • Political Participation (Examples)
  • Open Primaries
  • Qualifications of the Executive Branch
No limit of terms.
  • President's Constitutional Powers
  • Majority Opinion
  • Term in Office of a Federal Judge
  • Presidential Government
No national religion may be established and, the government has no involvment with religion at all.
  • Seperation of Church and State
  • Civil Rights
  • Double Jeopardy
  • Eminent Domain
A lengthy speech given by the newly elected president, during which he expresses national goals and plans for his term.
  • Political Efficacy
  • Inagural Address
  • Conservation
  • Dictatorship
Ruled that seperate but equal facilities for african americans are constitutional.
  • Plessy VS. Furgeson Court Case (1896)
  • State Taxes
  • Political Ideology
  • Federalists
(PAC)A political arm of an interest group set up to contribute to political campaigns.
  • Political Party
  • Primaries
  • Civil Liberties
  • Political Action Committees
passed in 1990, extends many of the protections established for racial minorities and women to disabled persons. Disabled described as having a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more major activities of life.
  • Powers Of Foreign Policy (executive+congressional)
  • Civil Rights Act Of 1957
  • American Disabilities Act
  • Twenty-sixth Amendment
Organize a militia in a time of need, elections of all public officials, set up voting procedures and polling places.
  • Checks And Balances
  • Referendum
  • State Constitution
  • Declaration Of Independence
Types of committees: standing, select, joint, and conference. The best committees of each house are given assignments.
  • To Debate And Improve Bills
  • Electoral College And Its Role
  • Committee Process
  • Cabinet
27
  • Purpose of the Bill of Rights
  • Total Number of Amendments
  • Preamble
  • Appellate Court/court of Appeals
A type of direct primary in which voters may choose on election day the party primary they want to vote in.
  • Open Primaries
  • Malapportionment
  • Split Ticket Voting
  • Closed Primaries
For the federal circuit, hears cases from all across the nation from legislative and district courts, such as patents, trademarks, or copyrights.
  • Judicial Review
  • District Court
  • Appellate Court/Court of Appeals
  • Appellate Jurisdiction
The powers that both national and state governments have.
  • Checks And Balances
  • Judicial Review
  • Reserved Powers
  • Concurrent Powers
Mayor has the power to propose the city budget and to veto ordinances passed by council. Has the authority to appoint and remove heads of city departments.
  • Surpremacy Clause and changes
  • Strong of Mayor Council Plan
  • Law Making Process
  • Roe VS. Wade Court Case (1973)
The power of the courts to establish the constitutionality of national, state, or local acts of government.
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • Judicial Review
  • Checks And Balances
  • Limited Government
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