When you divide the incoming light from an object into individual colors or wavelengths it's called ___
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  • a time-series graph
  • a spectrum
  • a Fourier transform
  • a histogram
Hot objects, that emit light at all wavelengths, are said to give off ___
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  • a fractured spectrum
  • an extended spectrum
  • a single line spectrum
  • a continuous spectrum
The continuous spectrum of a star has gaps in it, darker bands where different elements ___
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  • absorb different colors
  • reflect different colors
  • transmit different colors
  • refract different colors
In 1901, who developed a system to classify stars using many different absorption lines in their spectra?
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  • Marie Skłodowska Curie
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • Annie Jump Cannon
  • Lise Meitner
Which physicist showed how objects emit light of different colors based on their temperature?
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  • Albert Einstein
  • James Clerk Maxwell 
  • Niels Bohr
  • Max Planck
Hotter stars put out more light at the blue end of the spectrum, while cooler ones peak ___
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  • in the red
  • in the yellow
  • in the green
  • in the violet
Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin showed that the spectra of stars depended on their ___
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  • density and elements in their atmospheres
  • temperature and elements in their atmospheres
  • temperature and molecules in their atmospheres
  • age and molecules in their atmospheres
Payne-Goposchkin showed that stars were overwhelmingly composed of ___
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  • hydrogen
  • helium
  • carbon
  • oxygen
The classification scheme used today arranges stars by ___
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  • their size, assigning each a number
  • their size, assigning each a letter
  • their temperature, assigning each a number
  • their temperature, assigning each a letter
The letters 'O', 'B', 'A', 'F', 'G', 'K' and 'M' arrange stars in order from ___
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  • hottest to coolest
  • coolest to hottest
  • largest to smallest
  • smallest to largest
Which star, classified as an A0, is the brightest star in the night sky?
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  • Betelgeuse
  • Sirius
  • Vega
  • Rigel
A star can actually emit more green light than any other color but we'll wind up seeing it as ___
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  • white
  • red
  • blue
  • violet
If you look at the Sun's spectrum, it actually peaks ___
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  • in the red
  • in the blue
  • in the green
  • in the yellow
The light from the Sun is white but some of the shorter wavelengths get scattered away by ___
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  • atoms of oxygen in the air
  • atoms of argon in the air
  • molecules of nitrogen in the air
  • molecules of oxygen in the air
The total amount of energy emitted by a star is called its ___
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  • incandescence
  • luminosity
  • spectral integrity
  • apparent brightness
The luminosity of a star depends on ___
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  • its size and temperature
  • its age and density
  • its size and distance from us
  • its age and distance from us
A plot of a stars luminosity vs it's temperature is called ___
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  • an HR diagram, after Hertzsprung and Russell
  • an HC diagram, after Hertzsprung and Cannon
  • an CR diagram, after Cannon and Russell
  • an HS diagram, after Hertzsprung and Saha 
The thick line, running diagonally down an HR diagram is called ___
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  • the general trend
  • the main sequence
  • the main trend
  • the general sequence
Comparatively, as shown on an HR diagram, massive stars are ___
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  • hotter and more luminous
  • cooler and more luminous
  • hotter and less luminous
  • cooler and less luminous
The stars on the lower left of an HR diagram are hot, blue/white but very faint, and are called ___
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  • white giants
  • blue giants
  • white dwarfs
  • blue dwarfs
Most stars live the majority of their lives ___
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  • as white dwarfs
  • along the main sequence
  • as red giants
  • as red super giants
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