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Great Fire Of London Quiz – How Much Do You Know?
The monument to the fire – a column 202ft high and sited 202ft from where the fire began – was co-designed by Sir Christopher Wren and who else?
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Robert Hooke
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Isaac Newton
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Grinling Gibbons
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Nicholas Hawksmoor
Explanation
Robert Hooke. Hooke played a major role in the reconstruction both as an architect and as surveyor to the City of London. A memorial column was commissioned by an Act of 1667 and Wren was asked to submit a design. He and Hooke produced several suggestions, though it is impossible to say which had the most influence on the final plan.
The inscription on the monument to the Great Fire included the following passage: “This pillar was set up in perpetual remembrance of the most dreadful burning of this Protestant city, begun and carried on by the treachery and malice of the Popish faction, in the beginning of September, in the year of our Lord, 1666, in order to the effecting their horrid plot for the extirpating the Protestant religion and English liberties, and to introduce popery and slavery." In which year was it ordered to be removed?
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1830
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1685
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1743
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1902
Explanation
1830. The City of London’s Court of Common Council passed the motion in December 1830 at a time when few seriously believed any longer that the fire had been a Catholic plot.
In which year did London livery company the Worshipful Company of Bakers formally apologise that one of their fellow tradesmen had started the fire?
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1986
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1952
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1829
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1683
Explanation
1986. On Monday 9 June 1986 the Company, led by its master, John Copeman, with the wardens and members went in procession from Bakers’ Hall to Pudding Lane where the master made a formal declaration of regret to Allen Davis, the Lord Mayor of London, for “the great damage caused by one of our number 320 years ago”. The Company was celebrating the 500th anniversary of its royal charter and the Lord Mayor accepted a scroll containing the apology, and unveiled a plaque. “It’s never too late to apologise,” the Lord Mayor told reporters.
Two aspects of the Great Fire led some people to claim it was a divine judgement on Londoners for one of the Seven Deadly Sins. Which?
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Gluttony
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Pride
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Sloth
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Lust
Explanation
Gluttony. Because the fire started at Pudding Lane and ended at Pye/Pie Corner. How widespread this view really was is a moot point, and it was probably as much a popular joke as genuine belief. A small gilded figure of a boy on the corner of Giltspur street and Cock Lane in Smithfield – “the Golden Boy of Pye Corner” – marks the spot where the fire was stopped and underneath is inscribed: “This Boy is in Memmory Put up for the late FIRE of LONDON Occasion'd by the Sin of Gluttony”.
What part did Robert Hubert play in the Great Fire drama?
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He was accused of starting the fire
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He preached that the fire was a judgement for the sinfulness of the court
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He sheltered French citizens from the mob
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He rescued one of the king’s future mistresses
Explanation
He was accused of starting the fire. Many Londoners believed that the fire was the work of England’s enemies; Hubert was a Frenchman charged with starting the fire and hanged at Tyburn on 27 October 1666, his body reportedly being torn to pieces by the mob. Either under duress, or because he was easily suggestible, Hubert had confessed to starting the fire, but the evidence was unconvincing and the captain of the ship on which Hubert had arrived in England later testified that he had not disembarked until two days after the fire had started.
In the immediate aftermath of the fire, the king travelled to address a crowd of around 100,000 people who had been made homeless. Where were they camped?
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Moorfields
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Camden Town
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Hackney
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Chelsea
Explanation
Moorfields, which was at the time a public park. It appears to have been the main encampment of refugees from the fire, but there were camps at other locations, too, including Parliament Hill and Islington. The crowd at Moorfields was vulnerable to rumours that the fire had been the work of Catholics, the French or the Dutch. Charles’ claim that the fire was an act of God did not convince all, but he pledged to ensure regular supplies of bread.
Of whom did lawyer and eyewitness to the fire John Rushworth (c1612–90) write: [He] “… hath won the hearts of the people with his continual and indefatigable pains day and night in helping quench the fire, handing buckets of water with as much diligence as the poorest man that did assist”?
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James, Duke of York
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King Charles II
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The French Ambassador
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Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury
Explanation
James, Duke of York. The Mayor of London seems to have fled the city once the fire took hold, but in any event the king put his brother in command of firefighting operations. York was an experienced military commander and took charge with great energy, press-ganging teams of men to tackle the blaze, using his troops to keep public order and delegating authority to pull down houses as fire-breaks. Charles himself was even said to have joined in the fire-fighting effort in person.
Which of these four prominent Elizabethans is the Great Fire of London odd one out?
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William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley
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Sir Francis Walsingham
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Sir Christopher Hatton
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Sir Philip Sidney
Explanation
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. All the others had been buried in the Old St Paul’s Cathedral and their tombs were among the many lost in the Great Fire. Burghley was buried at St Martin’s, Stamford, Lincolnshire, where the tomb can still be seen today.
Of Tuesday 4 September 1666, who wrote: “The stones of Paules flew like granados, the Lead mealting down the streetes in a streame, & the very pavements of them glowing with a fiery rednesse, so as nor horse nor man was able to tread on them…”?
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John Evelyn
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John Aubrey
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Samuel Pepys
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Lord Clarendon
Explanation
John Evelyn. Like Pepys, he was an eyewitness to the fire and, like Pepys, also kept a diary.
Many Londoners tried to save possessions from the fire by burying them. Which of the following did Samuel Pepys NOT bury?
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The family Bible
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Wine
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Some Parmesan cheese
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His official documents
Explanation
The family Bible. Well, as far as we know. On 4 September 1666 he recorded: “Sir W. Batten not knowing how to remove his wine, did dig a pit in the garden, and laid it in there; and I took the opportunity of laying all the papers of my office that I could not otherwise dispose of … Sir W. Pen and I did dig another, and put our wine in it; and I my Parmazan cheese … and some other things”.
Who was Lord Mayor of London at the time of the fire?
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Sir Thomas Bludworth
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Robert Clifford
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James Cooper
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Sir Richard Smyth
Explanation
Sir Thomas Bludworth. Bludworth (c1623–82) was later much criticised for his conduct during the fire, particularly his indecisiveness early on when it was claimed that making fire-breaks could have prevented the fire’s spread. Samuel Pepys wrote: “… he cried like a fainting woman, 'Lord what can I do? I am spent. People will not obey me. I have been pulling down houses. But the fire overtakes us faster than we can do it’”.
On the morning of Sunday 2 September 1666, some hours after the fire had started, where did Samuel Pepys go to observe its size and ferocity?
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The Tower of London
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Temple Church
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The Guildhall
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St Paul’s
Explanation
The Tower of London. Pepys had been woken up by one of his maids, Jane, at 3am with news of the fire, but he had considered it far enough away to go back to sleep. In the morning Jane told him that the fire had consumed more than 300 houses, so Pepys “walked to the Tower and there got up upon one of the high places” to view the fire, which was burning quite close by.
Who was the first person to be killed by the Great Fire?
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An unnamed housemaid
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William Taswell
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An unnamed Thames waterman
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An unnamed soldier in the Life Guards
Explanation
An unnamed housemaid. She was a member of the household of Thomas Farriner, in whose bakehouse the fire started. Farriner and his family escaped after they were alerted by a manservant that the house was on fire. They escaped through an upstairs window and into a neighbour’s house, but the maid, perhaps scared of heights or perhaps too panicked or confused to climb out, died. Her name remains unknown.
What was “Holmes’s Bonfire”, which took place the month before the Great Fire of London?
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An English attack on the Netherlands
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The accidental burning of part of Norwich
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The repeal of Commonwealth-era laws by parliament
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An attack on suspected Catholic property by the London mob
Explanation
An English attack on the Netherlands. This was an incident in the Second Anglo-Dutch War in which English ships led by Rear Admiral Robert Holmes landed a scratch force of sailors and “sea soldiers” in the Vlie Estuary and over two days burned the town of West-Terschelling as well as a large number of merchant vessels.
What was the name of the Pudding Lane baker on whose premises the fire broke out?
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Thomas Farriner
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Thomas Osborne
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Robert Clifford
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Henry Mills
Explanation
Thomas Farriner. Farriner (c1616–70) – also variously spelled Faryner or Farinor – was a well-to-do tradesman. The fire began in his bakehouse in the early hours of Sunday 2 September 1666. The exact cause remains unknown, though it almost certainly originated with his oven and the stock of fuel placed next to it. He denied any negligence.
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