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social studies
How Well Do You Know Year 9 History?
When did Apartheid end in South Africa?
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1990
0%
1992
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1994
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1996
Explanation
Although the resistance to Apartheid had a long and noble history, it only ended in 1994. In 1990 Nelson Mandela and other prominent African National Congress (ANC) figures were released from prison but it would take several years of talks for free elections to finally be held in 1994.
Why was 1857 a significant year for the British empire?
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America gained its independence
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It marked the first transportation of convicts to Australia
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The Indian Uprising shocked Britain and the East India Company
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The Haitian Revolution encouraged Parliament to abolish slavery
Explanation
Sometimes referred to as the First Indian War of Independence (or it might have been called the Indian Mutiny when you were at school), the Uprising is often explained by sepoys rebelling against being given cartridges covered in animal fat. In fact, the causes of the Uprising were much more complex, including the corruption and cruel management of the East India Company. Following the Uprising, the 1858 Government of India Act established the British Raj.
What happened at the Berlin Conference (1884–85)?
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The League of Nations was created
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European imperial powers divided up the African continent
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European borders were reorganised following the defeat of Napoleon
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The breakup of the Austro-Hungarian empire
Explanation
The conference was organised by Otto von Bismarck, the first chancellor of Germany, to decide the fate of the Congo River basin in Central Africa. Its outcome, the General Act of the Berlin Conference, can be seen as the formalisation of the ‘Scramble for Africa’. Following the close of the conference, European powers expanded their claims in Africa such that by 1900, European states had claimed nearly 90 per cent of African territory.
What did the Liberal Reform of 1906 introduce?
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Old age pensions
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National Health Service
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Free school meals
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Unemployment benefit
Explanation
The Liberals introduced a raft of reforms during their term in office, including old age pensions and unemployment support. However, these were introduced slightly later than free school meals. Part of the impetus behind their introduction was the one-third of recruits who were rejected from fighting in the Boer War (1899–1902) due to failing the medical exam.
Which event is often said to have started the First World War?
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Unification of Germany
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Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
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Hitler's invasion of Poland
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Chamberlain's appeasement
Explanation
The cause of the First World War is possibly the most debated historical question. Much ink has been spilt arguing whether it was nationalism or imperialism, or German militarism. However, it is hard to escape the importance of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination, which is widely seen as the catalyst of the conflict.
During the First World War, where in the world was the first shot fired by a soldier in British service?
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Belgium
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Australia
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Togoland (now a part of Ghana)
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France
Explanation
When we think of the First World War, we inevitably think of the Western Front. However, the war was fought across the globe, including on the African continent where both Germany and Britain had colonies. Alhaji Grunshi, serving in the Gold Coast Regiment, was the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the First World War, on 7 August 1914 (though some sources suggest it also may have been 12 August). This was a couple of weeks before the first British shot on the Western Front. The first shots of the war were from an artillery gun in Melbourne on 5 August.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
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An agreement to stop the fighting in the First World War
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An agreement that Paris would become the capital city of Germany
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An agreement that outlined the peace terms between Germany and the victorious countries
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An agreement to discuss what would happen to Germany and the rebuilding of Europe
Explanation
The Armistice of November 1918 stopped the fighting, rather than the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed in June 1919. It resulted from the Paris Peace Conference and was one of a number of post First World War peace treaties. Possibly the most famous article is what came to be known as the ‘War Guilt Clause’, which meant Germany had to “accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage”. The Treaty of Versailles also required Germany to disarm, to give away territory and pay reparations.
Which of these events happened first?
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Russian Civil War
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Bolshevik Revolution
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Russian withdrawal from the First World War
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Assassination of Tsar Nicolas and his family
Explanation
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 set in train a series of events including Russia's withdrawal from the First World War in 1917–8, the Russian Civil War of 1918–21 and the assassination of the Romanov family in July 1918.
Which of these momentous events occurred in 1929?
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Treaty of Versailles
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Wall Street Crash
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Communist revolution in Russia
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Hitler becomes leader of Germany
Explanation
The interwar period was a tumultuous time. Many historians credit German hatred of the Treaty of Versailles (signed in 1919) as playing a major part in Hitler's rise to power, which culminated in him becoming Germany’s Chancellor in 1933. The 1929 Wall Street Crash contributed to the Great Depression, which increased support for Fascism in Europe, including in Germany.
What percentage of the German population was Jewish in 1933?
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More than 30%
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25%
0%
10%
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Less than 1%
Explanation
This statistic is one that routinely shocks students, who assume that Germany must have had a large Jewish population. The Nazis were deeply anti-Semitic and persecuted German Jews with increasing ferocity. However, the vast majority of the 6 million Jewish victims were either Polish, Russian, Ukrainian or Hungarian.
Which country lost the most soldiers in the Second World War?
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The Soviet Union
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Britain
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USA
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China
Explanation
In Britain, the Soviet Union’s role in World War Two is often overshadowed by the role played by Britain and the United States; however it lost upwards of 20 million soldiers. More recent estimates put the Soviet losses as higher than those of the next two countries combined (China and Germany).
In what year was the National Health Service founded?
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1939
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1945
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1948
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1951
Explanation
The creation of the NHS in 1948 was the product of years of hard work and motivation from many individuals who believed the existing healthcare system wasn't fit for purpose and needed to be revolutionised. The 1942 Beveridge Report advocated a 'cradle to the grave' system that, amongst other proposals, called for a free national health service.
In what year did Antigua and Barbuda officially gain independence from Britain?
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1947
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1962
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1974
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1981
Explanation
There are still 14 British Overseas Territories, which are remnants of the British Empire. Falklands, Gibraltar and Bermuda are some of the best known. Many countries gained their independence in the mid-20th century, including many in the Caribbean. While Jamaica gained its independence in 1962, Antigua and Barbuda didn’t become independent until 1981.
What action did Kennedy decide to take in response to the discovery of Soviet missile bases in Cuba in October 1962?
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Bomb both Cuba and the Soviet Union
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Use an air-strike to destroy the missile bases
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Invade Cuba via the Bay of Pigs
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Blockade Cuba
Explanation
The Bay of Pigs was Kennedy's failed invasion of Cuba in 1961. In 1962, Kennedy decided that the best solution was to place a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent Soviet ships from delivering missiles to the island. The blockade stretched 3,300km around Cuba.
Who became Britain’s Prime Minister in 1979?
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Winston Churchill
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Margaret Thatcher
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John Major
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Tony Blair
Explanation
Margaret Thatcher, Britain's first female prime minister, and longest serving PM of the 20th century, took office in 1979. (She served for 11 years and 209 days, compared to Tony Blair's 10 years and 57 days.)
What was the Macpherson Report?
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A report resulting from the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry which concluded the Metropolitan Police was institutionally racist
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A report which concluded that the phone-hacking scandal required new press regulation laws
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A report which concluded that the justification for the war in Iraq was based on faulty evidence
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A report which concluded the main reason for the Hillsborough disaster was the failure of police control
Explanation
The racially motivated murder of schoolboy Stephen Lawrence in April 1993 shocked many, yet there were questions about the police's handling of the case. In May, Nelson Mandela met with Lawrence’s family and called on the police to do more. Despite this intervention the family still did not receive justice. In 1997, Jack Straw, the then Home Secretary, called for a public inquiry. It was led by retired judge, Sir William Macpherson. His report concluded that the Metropolitan Police's inquiry was “marred by a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership”.
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