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Medieval Kings & Queens History Quiz
Which queen of England was the wife of both the last Lancastrian heir to the throne and the last Yorkist king?
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Elizabeth of York
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Anne Neville
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Elizabeth Woodville
Explanation
It’s Anne Neville, daughter of Warwick the Kingmaker, who was married to Edward of Westminster (son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou) and later Richard III. Elizabeth of York was Richard III’s niece, whom it was rumoured he wanted to marry – she later married Henry VII, who defeated Richard at the battle of Bosworth. Elizabeth Woodville was the wife of Edward IV, and the mother of the Princes in the Tower.Read more: Anne Neville – White Queen, daughter of Warwick the Kingmaker, and a modern enigma
One Byzantine bride who was married into a western European royal family was criticised for her ‘fancy ways’. But what was her offensively fanciful act?
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She would never take off her crown
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She ate with a fork
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She had to be carried everywhere in a litter
Explanation
She was mocked because of she ate with a fork, and she wasn’t the only one singled out for being different, writes historian Roger Bartlett: “The German aristocrat Berta, who went the other way to marry into the Byzantine imperial family, had to change her name to the Greek Irene – but was still derided for not wearing eye makeup.”Read more: The survival secrets of medieval dynasties
Which king of England was known as the ‘Hammer of the Scots’?
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Edward I
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Richard II
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Edward II
Explanation
It’s Edward I, who additionally earned the nickname ‘Longshanks’ on account of his height. Edward has a reputation as a battle-hungry aggressor, determined to bend Scotland, Wales and France to his will. But, says historian Andy King, it was Edward I’s deeply held belief in kingly duty, not innate bloodlust, that drove his appetite for war... Read more: Reassessing Edward I : battle-hungry aggressor or dutiful conqueror?
Which of these ‘three things’ might be expected of you as a medieval queen?
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Being pious, pretty and a peacemaker
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Being wealthy, wise and worldly
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Being rich, respectful and religious
Explanation
It’s being pious, pretty and a peacemaker – the three Ps – says Elena Woodacre, an expert in queenship."Essentially, queens were expected to be the ultimate ‘good woman’ – a model of virtuous behaviour. They were expected to be good wives and mothers as well as good rulers, but they were also meant to be pious , peacemakers and to look pretty.“That may seem like a rather trite description, but it really does sum up what was expected of medieval queens. Beauty was obviously a huge part of a queen’s role, and they were expected to represent contemporary ideals. “But queens were often described in idealistic terms and referred to as being beautiful or fair even if they weren’t necessarily all that attractive. After all, no one wants to be the one to say that their queen isn’t a looker.” Read more: How to be a medieval queen – the realities of being a royal woman in the Middle Ages
Which royal marriage was rumoured to be the result of witchcraft?
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Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou
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Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
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Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville
Explanation
It’s Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. It was said that Elizabeth and her mother, Jacquetta, had used witchcraft to make Edward IV fall in love with Elizabeth and have her children – a claim put forward by Richard III and his parliament.From fertility potions and love charms to evil spells designed to kill kings of England, certain types of magic became associated with royal women during the Middle Ages, say medievalist Gemma Hollman.“It was readily accepted that women who were viewed in some quarters as social upstarts would use emotional magic to get power,” she explains.Read more: Medieval royal witches: from Elizabeth Woodville to Queen Joan of Navarre
Which king of England is thought to have spent fewer than six months of his reign on English soil, and may not even have spoken English?@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}p.template-articledescription, li.template-articledescription, div.template-articledescription {mso-style-name:template-article__description; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}
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Edward III
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Henry II
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Richard I
Explanation
It’s Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionheart. Despite being one of England’s most iconic medieval kings, his energies were undoubtedly focused towards international war-mongering rather than affairs within England itself.Read more: 7 medieval kings of England you should know about
And finally: During the Second Barons’ War against Henry III, the sheriff of Essex plotted to attack London using… what?
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Cockerels with firebombs attached to their feet
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Catapults firing cow carcasses
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Cats infected with the plague
Explanation
It was the cockerels. There were a few basic flaws with this plan, writes historian Dan Jones: “Cockerels cannot fly for very long distances, and feathers are somewhat flammable. So in the end there was no cockerel-led blitz. "But it was an enterprising use of military technology, which is worth applauding for sheer chutzpah if nothing else.”Read more: 5 things you (probably didn’t know) about the Plantagenets
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