The balance of payments (BOP) is a statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a defined period of time, such as a quarter or a year. The balance of payments tracks international transactions. When funds go into a country, a credit is added to the balance of payments (“BOP”). When funds leave a country, a deduction is made. For example, when a country exports 20 shiny red convertibles to another country, a credit is made in the balance of payments. Importance of Balance of Payments. As pointed out above, Balance of Payments is a very important record of financial transactions and status of any nation and its economy. It highlights the direction of economic growth or otherwise of any country and is a ground on which many important policy decisions are based.

Core investment companies are non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) holding not less than 90% of their net assets in the form of investment in equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, debt or loans in group companies. Core Investment CompaniesCore Investment Companies (CICs) are a specialized Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).A Core Investment Company registered with the RBI has an asset size of above Rs 100 crore.Their main business is acquisition of shares and securities with certain conditions.

A multinational corporation (MNC) has facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country. A multinational company generally has offices and/or factories in different countries and a centralized head office where they coordinate global management. Multinational corporations are large companies with operations in several countries across the world. For example, Apple, Ford, Coca-Cola, Alphabet (Google) and Microsoft. 

• Jointly with some local companies of the existing country.
• Buy the local companies and then expand its production with the help of modern technology.
• They place orders for small producers and sell these products under their own brand name to the customers worldwide.
  Hence, the correct answer is option C. 

Fair globalization means creating opportunities for all and ensuring that the effects of globalization are shared better.

The government has an important role in ensuring fair globalization.

1. It can ensure that the policies and interests are shared better not only among the rich but among all the people of the country.
2. It can ensure that the labour laws are applied properly.
   
3. It can ensure that the labourers are getting their rights.
   
4. If necessary the govt can implement trade barriers.
5. It can help the small labourers to perform well.
   Hence, correct answer is option A.

1. The industries of developed country get latest technology from foreign countries through MNC's.
2. The investment level, employment level, and income level of the developing country increases due to the operation of MNC's.
3. They can reduce imports and increase exports due to goods produced by MNC's- balance of payment.
   
4. Greater availability of products for local consumers  MNC's break protectionalism, curb local monopolies, create competition among domestic companies- enhance their competitiveness.
   Hence, correct answer is option D.

For a large number of small producers and workers globalisation has posed major challenges.
MNC's sell their products at cheaper prices in other countries which affects Indian producers because people would prefer buying the same thing at a cheaper price which is sold by MNC's.