Explanation
The responsibility of interpreting the constitution rests on the Supreme Court. The interpretation of the constitution which the Supreme Court shall make must be accepted by all. It interprets the constitution and preserves it. Where a case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution either certified by the High Court or being satisfied by the Supreme Court itself, an appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court for interpretation of the question of law raised.
The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in civil and criminal cases. It can hear appeals against the decisions of the High Courts.
The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is usually appointed the Chief Justice.
The Supreme Court of India has also ruled that the core or basic principles of the Constitution cannot be changed by the Parliament.
The Guwahati High Court was established on 1 March 1948 after the Government of India Act 1935 was passed. It was originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland but renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971 by the North East Areas Act, 1971. It has the largest jurisdiction in terms of states, with its area covering the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram.
Article 32 provides the right to Constitutional remedies which means that a person has right to move to Supreme Court (and high courts also) for getting his fundamental rights protected. While Supreme Court has power to issue writs under article 32, High Courts have been given same powers under article 226.
The Supreme Court of India is the final authority to see to it that the division of powers as specified in the constitution is obeyed by both the Union and the State governments. So, Article 131 of the Indian Constitution vests the Supreme Court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to determine the justiciable disputes between the Union and the States or between the States.
A Judge of High Court holds the office until he completes the age of 62 years. Neither an additional or an acting judge can hold office beyond the age of 62 years.
The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction.
High courts have original jurisdiction over those cases in which the High Court has authority to hear and decide cases in the first instance. High courts have the appellate jurisdiction to accept appeals against the decisions of District Courts, in civil as well as criminal matters.
Every Judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President after consultation with the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts besides the Council of Ministers.
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