CBSE Questions for Class 11 Commerce Legal Studies Judiciary - Constitutional Civil Criminal Courts And Processes Quiz 2 - MCQExams.com

On re-organization of the North-Eastern region by the North Eastern Area (Re-organization) Act, 1971, a common High Court was established for the five North-Eastern States namely; Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura and the two Union Territories namely Union Territory of Mizoram and the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh and called as the Gauhati High Court. Thereafter, when Manipur attained Statehood, Imphal Bench of the Gauhati High Court came into existence on Friday, the 21st day of January 1972.

India being a federation; powers are divided between the Union and State governments. The Supreme Court of India is the final authority to see to it that the division of powers as specified in the constitution is obeyed by both the Union and the State governments. So, Article 131 of the Indian Constitution vests the Supreme Court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to determine the justiciable disputes between the Union and the States or between the States.

• The President may ask the Court's opinion on treaties and agreements made before the Constitution was framed.
• The advice is not binding on the President.

Every person appointed to be a Judge of a High Court shall, before he enters upon his office, make and subscribe before the Governor of the State, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.

B.  Fundamental Rights.

Any citizen whose rights are violated may move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the rights. The Supreme Court has the power to issue orders or writs, in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari for the enforcement  of any of the Fundamental Rights.

Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. The Supreme Court has advisory jurisdiction (to give its opinion) on any question of law or fact of public importance as may be referred to it for consideration by the President. 

The high court is the highest court at the state level. Each High Court has jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of states and union territories. Below the High Courts is a hierarchy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts. The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in each state and union territory. 

• Executive violates
• Legislature violates
• An individual violates

The Supreme Court has a very high appellate jurisdiction; it is the highest court of appeal. It can settle disputes between state and central governments, between two states and between citizens and state. But it cannot solve disputes between two countries.

Each High Court consists of a Chief Justice and such other judges as the President of India may appoint from time to time. Besides, the President has the power to appoint additional judges for a temporary period not exceeding two years; an acting judge when a permanent judge is absent or unable to perform his duties.

According to Article 71 of the Constitution, all doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of a President or Vice-President shall be inquired into and decided by the Supreme Court.

The Judiciary is the system of court that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between the following:-

• Citizens
• Citizens and government
• Two state governments

The High Court of Delhi was established on 31 October 1966. The High Court of Delhi was established with four judges. They were Chief Justice K. S. Hegde, Justice I. D. Dua, Justice H. R. Khanna and Justice S. K. Kapur.