CBSE Questions for Class 11 Commerce Legal Studies Making Of The Indian Constitution Quiz 2 - MCQExams.com

The Preamble of Indian Constitution has declared India as Republic State which means the head of the state is the President who is an elected representative and not a hereditary person. President is elected by a voting body called Electoral College.

The preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out guidelines, which guides the people of the nation. It is called the soul of constitution. It is adapted by the people themselves.

The Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1976, was enacted during the Emergency by the Indian National Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi. The 42nd Amendment changed the description of India from a sovereign democratic republic to a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, and also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation".

The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious growth and development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Aliens (persons who are not citizens) are also considered in matters like equality before law. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain restrictions.

The Fundamental Rights is defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, apply irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. Hence they make each individual realize their best.

The Directive Principles are the guidelines to be followed by the government in the governance of the country. Part IV of the Constitution has the Directive Principles of State Policy under Articles 36 to 51. They are called Directive Principles because the government has to keep these in mind while making laws. Articles 39 to 51 contain Directive Principles. 

Secular and Socialist were the two words added later to the preamble of the Indian constitution. It was added through the 42nd constitutional amendment in the year 1976.

Planning in India derives its objectives and social premises from the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Constitution. The Planning Commission was set up by a Resolution of the Government of India in March 1950 in pursuance of declared objectives of the Government to promote a rapid rise in the standard of living of the people by efficient exploitation of the resources of the country. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission. At present, Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi is the Chairman of the Planning Commission.

• Three features that were committed by the leaders of the Congress Party in 1928 and in 1931 to keep as basic principles in the independent Constitution of India are:
  
• To maintain India as a socialist-secular country where religious tolerance is appreciated and every individual is free to follow the religion he/she likes.
  
• To establish freedom and equality: every person should possess certain rights and enjoy equality without any discrimination.
  
• To protect rights of minorities: for the ages schedules castes and tribes have faced atrocities and hence it was decided that the rights of minorities to be protected.
  

Directive principles are the ideals which if followed establishes a welfare state.   These set of principles are included in the part-IV of Indian constitution. These are the values like paying equal wages to men and women, avoiding liquor, free compulsory education for children, equitable distribution of wealth etc.

Fundamental Rights find a place in Part 3 of the Constitution of India. These rights give people protection from oppressive governments and place a duty on the government to uphold them. If our rights are violated by the government, we can go to the court for protection of these rights. There are 6 fundamental rights which are:

1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation 
4. Right to Freedom of Religion 
5. Cultural and Educational Rights 
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies

India is a Democratic Republic country. Democracy is a form of government by the people, of the people and for the people. It also implies equality of common man in social and political aspects. Republic is where the the head of the state is not hereditary and is elected by the people.

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949, but it came into force on 26 January, 1950. 26 January specifically opted because it was on this date in 1929, that Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as President of the Indian National Congress during the Lahore Session and on the same day a resolution was passed demanding complete independence.  The day 26 January, 1930 was declared as “Purna Swaraj Diwas” or Independence Day. Thus, in order to honor the significance of this day, the members of the Constituent Assembly decided to enforce the Constitution on January 26, 1950 marking it as Republic Day.