Explanation
Galileo Galilei is often claimed to be the inventor of the thermometer. However the instrument he invented could not strictly be called a thermometer: to be a thermometer an instrument must measure temperature differences; Galileo's instrument did not do this, but merely indicated temperature differences. His instrument should rightly be called a thermoscope.
The Thermoscope:-The predecessor to the thermometer, the thermoscope is a thermometer without a scale; it indicates differences in temperature only ie it can show if the temperature is higher, lower or the same, but unlike a thermometer it cannot measure the difference nor can the result be recorded for future reference. The thermoscope was widely used by a group of scientists in Venice that included Galileo. It was only a small step from the thermoscope to the thermometer.
$$Sea \ breeze:$$ They are formed during the day time when land and sea both are heated equally by the sun, but land is heated up more quickly, thus air above land due to heat becomes lighter and rises up due to $$convection.$$ Thus pressure decreases and cold and humid air above the sea blowing towards land.
$$Land \ breeze:$$ They are formed during the night when sea water and land both lose heat. Land loses heat energy fast and cools more rapidly as compared to the sea. Sea water being at higher temperature, the air becomes lighter and rises up due to $$convection$$. So air from land starts blowing towards the sea and gives rise to a land breeze.
In both the processes, the transfer of heat takes place by actual movement of the particles of the medium.
Explanation:
$$\bullet$$During the freezing of the water, cold water that turns into ice comes on top of the surface while warm water goes down.
$$\bullet$$Water’s freezing temperature is 0°C. So, warm water which is at below than top of the surface, should have more density. Water’s density is more at 4°C than at 0°C . So, temperature will be 4°C.
$$Answer:$$
Hence, option C is the correct answer.
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