• Meristematic tissues: These tissues have the capacity to divide. They have a thin cellulose wall. They do not have intercellular spaces. They contain dense cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus. They contain many small vacuoles in their cytoplasm. They produce permanent tissues. They are responsible for the primary and secondary growth of the plants. 
• Permanent tissues: These tissues have lost the capacity of division. They have a thick cellulose wall. They have large intercellular spaces. They contain a thin cytoplasm with a normal nucleus. They contain a single large vacuole in their cytoplasm. They are produced by meristematic tissues. These tissues add to the various growths.

• Tracheids are elongated tube-like dead cells with oblique end walls. The walls are hard and lignified. Vessels are placed one upon the other and their end walls are either absent or possess perforations.
•  They help in conduction of water and minerals. Xylem parenchyma are living parenchymatous cells present in the xylem. They help in the lateral conduction of organic solutes and the storage of food reserves.
•  Xylem fibers are lignified fibers present in the xylem which provide mechanical strength to the plant body. 

Those meristems that are found at the growing tip of a root or a stem are known as apical meristems. Intercalary meristems at the nodes of stem, allow for rapid stem elongation. The lateral meristems are present on the lateral side of the stem and root of a plant.

• Apical and intercalary meristems are not permanent as they give rise to primary tissue. 
• Aerenchyma definition is a tissue in certain aquatic plants, consisting of thin-walled cells and large intercellular spaces adapted for internal circulation of air.
•  Parenchymatous tissue have intercellular spaces. collenchymatous tissues are irregularly thickened at the corners. 

• Apical meristem is a meristem at the tip of a plant shoot or root that produces auxin and causes the shoot or root to increase in length. Growth that originates in the apical meristem is called primary growth. 
• Cambium is a layer of actively dividing cells between xylem (wood) and phloem (bast) tissues that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots (secondary growth occurs after the first season and results in an increase in thickness). 
• The avascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem. 
• Both these issues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues. 

Apical dominance is the phenomenon whereby the main, central stem of the plant is dominant over (i.e., grows more strongly than) other side stems; on a branch, the main stem of the branch is further dominant over its own side branchlets. 

In the stems and roots of vascular plants, a layer of cells lying between Xylem and phloem is called cambium. The cambium retain the ability to divide, producing secondary xylem and phloem.

Correct Option: C

Tracheary elements include trachea and vessels. They are cells in the xylem that are highly specialized for transporting water and solutes such as minerals up the plant. Tracheary elements also provide mechanical support to plant.

The external phellem or cork is impermeable to conduction or exchange of gasses. It is not a continuous zone; a few gaps are seen in cork. In these gaps, a mass of parenchyma cells (complementary tissue) is located known as lenticels. These help in exchange of gasses, between the atmosphere and inner cortical cells. Lenticels are characteristics of the woody stem.

• Apical bud is the bud located at the top of the plant. Axil is the angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole. 
• The axillary bud (or lateral bud) is an embryonic shoot located in the axil of a leaf.
•  Vegetative bud is a leaf bud or the bud that contains embryonic leaf. Flower bud is a bud that develops into a flower. 

In the monocots, the vascular bundles are of the collateral and closed type. The closed vascular bundles lack the cambium and cannot show secondary growth. In the stem, vascular bundles are found scattered in the ground tissue. They are more in number at the periphery as compared to the centre. In the monocot roots, the vascular bundles are closed type an found in the stele.

• Apical meristem is a meristem at the tip of a plant shoot or root that produces auxin and causes the shoot or root to increase in length. 
• Growth that originates in the apical meristem is called primary growth. Due to cambial activity, lateral meristem and cork cambium, the width of a plant will increase. 

• Permanent tissues are composed of cells that have lost the power of division, having attained their definite form, size, and shape. 
• On the basis of constituent cells, permanent tissues can be classified into three categories: simple tissue, complex tissue, special tissues. 
• Simple tissues are homogeneous and composed of only one type of cell. On the basis of the structure of constituent cells, three types of simple tissues are parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma. 
• While Xylem is the example of complex tissues.
  
   Hence, option A is the correct answer. 

In a plant, the point on the stem where leaves develop is called a node. The region between two adjacent nodes is called the internode. Mostly one leaf emerges per node. However, the number of leaves at a node may vary depending on the species of plant.

A tissue is a group of cells of common origin which are structurally similar and perform a particular function. Organ is a group of tissues and organ system is a group of organs.

The portion of the stem that is underground, the modified stem which serves two functions such as storage of food and germination with help of axillary bud in suitable condition. These are called as tubers. In tubers, the stem is swollen and the nodal regions are called the eyes. Each eye has scaly leaves and axillary buds which develop into new plants when the tuber is planted e.g., potato. In sugar cane also, the nodes of stem give rise to the new plant. Thus, option C is correct.

The cell wall at both the ends degenerate when dies so it create hollow stacked cells arranged

Lateral meristem is present in between xylem and phloem (xylem and phloem together known as vascular bundle) 

Parenchyma is the basic packing tissue. In some plants like Beet, they are modified to store food.

Since dead cells can provide mechanical strength as easily as live ones and need less maintenance, most of the cells in plant tissues are dead.

Apical meristematic cells are located at tip which the growing end of any part of plant.

Girdling or ring barking is the process, which involves the complete removal of a strip of bark that consists of cork cambium, phloem, cambium from the circumference of a branch or trunk of any woody plants. If the stem is girdled, it results in the death of the root of the plant as the leaves cannot  transport sucrose to the roots and these can no longer produce ATP and transport nutrients.

Cork cambium produces cork cells, which form exterior to the cork cambium. In this, the cells are arranged in regular radial rows one above the other. As cork cells mature, they secrete suberin (a waxy substance) in their cell walls and which makes them impermeable then die. Cork cells function as a barrier to protect the stem from physical damage and from pathogens. 

• Siphonostele is a stele consisting of a core of pith surrounded by concentric layers of xylem and phloem.
• Ectophloic siphonostele a monostele type of siphonostele in which a ring of xylem occurs around the pith, and a ring of phloem outside the xylem. For example, Osmunda and Equisetum'.
• Hence Ectophloic siphonostele is found in Osmunda and Equisetum.
• So, the correct answer is 'Osmunda and Equisetum'.

The chief mechanical tissue of the plant body composed of thick-walled cell with little or no protoplasm is called sclerenchyma. Sclerenchyma consist of lignin. Lignin deposition is so thick that the cell walls become strong, rigid and impermeable to water. 

The chief mechanical tissue of the plant body composed of highly thick walled cell with little or no protoplasm is called sclerenchyma. The main function of sclerenchymatous tissues is to give support to the plant. It also provides hardness and protective covering to seed and nuts.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Xylem is one of the types of complex permanent tissue which form the conductive part in plant body. It conducts mineral salt and water from roots to upper region. Xylem is composed of four types of cells tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. 

Xylem is one of the types of complex permanent tissue which form the conductive part in plant body. It conducts mineral salt and water from roots to upper region. The tracheids and the vessels are described as essential elements since, they are directly involved in the translocation of water and mineral substances. 

The chief mechanical tissue of the plant body composed of highly thick walled cell with little or no protoplasm is called sclerenchyma. The thickening of cell wall is due to deposition of cellulose or lignin or both. Lignin deposited cells are said to be lignified.

Stem cells are pluripotent and they have the ability to divide and differentiate. The meristematic tissue has immense potential to divide. The newly formed cells undergo differentiation  and get specialized to perform a specific function for example- vascular bundles. They have the capacity to self renew themselves whenever necessary. 

The chief mechanical tissue of the plant body composed of a highly thick-walled cell with little or no protoplasm is called sclerenchyma.

In the stems of dicotyledonous plants, xylem vessels are found. These matured xylem vessels are dead and do not contain cytoplasm and cell organelles. The other cells namely the liver cell, the palisade cell and the RBC are all living cells and contains cytoplasm.

Interfascicular cambium is considered to be the secondary meristematic tissue that involves in the formation of cambium ring. It becomes active and also activates the cells present in between the vascular bundles and they start dividing and combined form interfascicular cambium and joins the strips to form cambium ring in the stellar region.

Vascular bundles in monocot root are radial in arrangement. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem. Hence, the condition is described as polyarch. Xylem is described as exarch
In monocot stem, xylem is described as endarch and presence of only two protoxylem and two metaxylem vessels in each bundle. So, it is not polyarch. 
In dicot root, vascular bundles are described as radial and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch

Lenticels are portions of the periderm(bark) withnumerous intercellular space. Its purpose is to allow gaseous exchange through the compactly arranged cork cells of the bark.

Vascular bundles in root,stem,leaf stalks and Leaf veins are all continuous and form an unbroken system of tubes.collectively, they form the transport system throughout the entire plant.

Characteristic features of monocots include the following -
1. Embryo with single cotyledon.

Phloem Is a vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.

Xylem is one of the types of complex permanent tissue which form the conductive part in plant body. It conducts mineral salt and water from roots to upper region. 

The monocotyledonous plants have the adventitious or the fibrous type of root system that do not grow much deeper but spread in the region widely to provide support the plant.

The xylem is the complex permanent tissue which consists four components such as vessels, tracheids, parenchyma and fibres. Vessels and tracheid are the dead cells in xylem at maturity and are responsible for transportation of water from roots to other plant parts. 

A cellular organization between a single cell and a complete organism is controlled by the tissue. They are the collection of similar cells, with specific function. A collection of tissue gives rise to an organ. Proteins, enzymes and hormones do not take part in cellular organization.

Tracheids and vessel elements are the nonliving cells that form continuous tubes and serve in the transport of water in vascular plants. Guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomata by intake of potassium ions and water. Parenchyma cells serve as the site for storage of sugar and starch in stem and roots. Sieve tube members and companion cells are the living component of phloem and serve in the transport of sugar. Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells that impart mechanical support to plant parts. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

• Cork cambium is a lateral meristem. It forms as a result of secondary growth. 
• It is mainly formed in the woody trees. It is a protective layer formed in the plant. 
• It is formed as a secondary meristem from a layer of collenchyma or parenchyma immediately beneath the epidermis. So, the correct answer is option A.

In dicots, the endodermis is developmentally the innermost portion of the cortex and prevents water, and any solutes dissolved in the water, from passing through this layer via the apoplast pathway. However, the passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots.
The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclrenchyma cells which lie just inside the endodermis forming the outer most part of stele in all plants.
Xylem which transports water and nutrients from the roots to the shoot and leaves. In the xylem, the protoxylem and metaxylem vessels exhibit characteristic orientation with reference to the central axis and based on this its differentiated as centripetal and centrifugal. The centripetal arrangement is found in roots of fruit bearing plants where the younger metaxylem vessels are found towards the pith while the older protoxylem vessels are found away from the pith.

A tissue is the group of cells with a common origin and performs a specific function and its detailed study is called as histology.