CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Biological Classification Quiz 12 - MCQExams.com

1. In the rules of nomenclature, families are arranged according to the arrangement of the complexity of flower (position of the gynoecium, the arrangement of anthers etc) and fruit (originated from ovary, or from thalamus ).
2. Perianth means the fusion of calyx and corolla (lily) but similar structure also found in mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) and as these are the primitive plant it is supposed that perianth is a primitive character.
3. Monocots were considered more advanced than dicots in the way of photosynthesis they have more advance system and are called C$$_4$$ plants and their vascular bundles, the arrangement of leaves etc are much different and evolved the dicots.
4. Plants adopted unisexuality and evolved from bisexuality to prevent genetic depression it is one of the most common methods of prevention of Autogamy and geitonogamy.

• Fomes is a genus of perennial woody fungi in the family Polyporaceae.
• Coprophilous fungi are a type of saprobic fungi. It is growing on animal dung. The hardy spores of coprophilous species are unwittingly consumed by herbivores from vegetation. 
• Peziza is a large genus of saprophytic cup fungi. It grows on the ground, rotting wood, or dung.

Archaebacteria are the oldest living organism. They can be found in some of the harshest environments. Traces of Archaebacteria have been seen in 3.8 billion-year-old fossil. Thus, are claimed as the oldest living organism. Heterocysts are nitrogen-fixing cells found in Nitrogen deprived cells of bacteria like cyanobacteria, Anabaena, Nostoc etc. Heterocyst synthesizes additional 3 layers of the cell wall, in turn, producing a THICK cell wall.The cell wall and cell membrane of archaebacteria both differ from that of eubacteria.The antibiotic, penicillin is ineffective against mycoplasma. So, the correct answer is option B.

• Taxonomy is the science of the naming and classifying or grouping of organisms. In 1700, Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus developed a hierarchical classification system for organisms called binomial nomenclature.
• Paleontology is the science of the forms of life existing in the former geological period, as represented by their fossils. 

• The fruiting bodies of fungi contain spores which are dispersed for reproduction.
• It is the binucleate mycelium that eventually forms the basidia- the stalked fruiting bodies in which nuclear fusion and meiosis take place prior to the formation of the basidiospore.
  
• Fungi usually reproduce both asexually and asexually.

• The cell wall is a structural layer outside the cell membrane, which provides the cell with structural support and protection and is found in algae, fungi, plants, bacteria, and archaea, but not animals.
• Ribosomes are minute particles with associated proteins and RNA to synthesize proteins and they can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer arranged back to back and covered in cholesterol and protein molecules. Plasma membrane is present in all living cells.
• Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles, considered the power generators of the cell which convert nutrients and oxygen into ATP. They are not present in bacteria.