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CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Biological Classification Quiz 17 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 11 Medical Biology
Biological Classification
Quiz 17
Thermus aquaticus
is a species of bacteria found living in the hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Hot springs typically are areas characterized by low oxygen levels, low light levels and high concentrations of sulfur and calcium carbonate.
In what way do bacteria living in or near hot springs most likely make food?
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Through the process of photorespiration by using oxygen and light energy to produce carbon dioxide.
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Through the process of radiosynthesis by using gamma radiation and melanin to create energy for growth.
0%
Through the process of photosynthesis by using energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose.
0%
Through the process of chemosynthesis by combining hydrogen sulfide with oxygen and carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates.
Explanation
Thermus aquaticu
s is a species of bacterium which lives in the hot springs. The level of oxygen and light is lower in the hot springs. This bacterium can perform chemosynthesis. The sulfur in the water reacts to form hydrogen sulfide which can be oxidized for energy. The carbon dioxide from the calcium carbonate can be used for the preparation of carbohydrates.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
This taxonomic group of living organisms includes the extreme halophiles, methanogens, and extreme thermophiles. This group has also been extant for about 3.7 billion years, and their cell lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Which of the following groups of life is being described here?
I. Domain Eukarya
II. Domain Archaea
III. Domain Bacteria
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I only
0%
II only
0%
III only
0%
I and II
0%
II and III
Explanation
The archaebacteria are the single-celled, prokaryotic organisms. They do not have well-developed organelles and cellular structures. These organisms can survive in extreme conditions like high temperatures, high salt concentration, high temperature, etc. Some organisms from this group can produce methane through the process of methanogenesis.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Halophiles grow in concentrated salt solution due to
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Bacteriorhodopsin
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Branched hydrocarbon chain in phospholipids
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Active absorption
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Accumulation of KCl
Explanation
Halophiles are organisms that grow in high salt concentrations. They are also called as salt-loving microorganisms. They are found in hypersaline environments like in arid, coastal, deep‐sea, underground salt mines. They can comfortably live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes due to
the accumulation
of KCl. By accumulating KCl, they maintain the osmotic balance.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Accumulation of KCl.'
What of the following characteristic is true for archaebacteria?
$$(1)$$ Extreme halophiles
$$(2)$$ Extreme thermophiles
$$(3)$$ Methanogens
$$(4)$$ Occurrence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
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1, 2 and 3 are correct
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1 and 2 are correct
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2 and 4 are correct
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1 and 3 are correct
Explanation
Peptidoglycan is a polymer that is present in the cell wall of most bacteria. It is also called as Murein. However, Archaebacteria are devoid of peptidoglycan in its wall. Instead, they are made up of the polysaccharide called pseudomurein. Arachebacteria consists of 3 groups, namely halophiles, thermophiles and methanogens.
Thus, the correct answer is '1, 2 and 3 are correct.'
Match the columns and find the correct answer
Column I
Column II
(a)
Streptomyces
(p)
Food poisoning
(b)
Rhizobium
(q)
Source of antibiotic
(c)
Nitrosomonas
(r)
Nitrogen fixation
(d)
Acetobacter
(s)
Nitrification
(t)
Vinegar synthesis
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a-s, b-t, c-p, d-r
0%
a-t, b-p, c-r, d-s
0%
a-q, b-r, c-p, d-t
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a-q, b-r, c-s, d-t
Explanation
Streptomcyes
is a bacterium that is source of antibiotics like streptomycin, neomycin. These antibiotics are used in treatment of many bacterial infections.
Rhizobium
is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. It fixes atmospheric nitrogen in association with the leguminous plants and make it available to the plants.
Nitrosomonas
is a bacterium that is involved in nitrification process. Nitrification is a process in which ammonia is converted into nitrite and nitrate is converted into nitrates.
Nitrosomonas
converts ammonia into nitrites.
Acetobacter
is an acetic acid bacteria which is involved in the vinegar synthesis. It converts alcohol into acetic acid.
Thus, the correct answer is 'a-q, b-r, c-s, d-t.'
Boving spongiform encephalopathy disease is equal to
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Kala-azar
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Parkinson's disease
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Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
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None of the above
Explanation
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease is a fatal disease that strikes the nervous system of cattle. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a universally fatal brain disorder in humans. BSE and CJD are part of the prion diseases. A prion is a type of protein that can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally. Prion diseases can affect both humans and animals. BSE is the prion disease in animals and CJD is the prion disease in humans. So BSE is equal to CJD. So, the correct answer is 'Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease'.
The sequence of spore production in
Puccinia
(wheat rust) is
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Aeciospore, Uredospore, Telispore, Basidiospore, Pycniospore
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Basidiospore, Aeciospore, Pycniospore, Telispore
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Telispore, Aeciospore, Uredospore, Basidiospore
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Telispore, Basidiospore, Aeciospore, Pycniospore
Explanation
Puccinia
graminis is macrocyclic,
producing
all five
spore
stages: basidiospores, pycniospores (spermatia), aeciospores, urediniospores (uredospores), and teliospores.
Although
stem rust
is caused by a single species of fungus,
Puccinia
graminis, there is considerable genetic variation within the species.
Xanthomonas citri
contains
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Single polar flagellum
0%
Bipolar flagellum
0%
Tuft of flagella
0%
No flagella
Explanation
Xanthomonas citri
is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped proteobacteria. It is motile by means of a single polar flagellum. It mainly affects the citrus plants. It causes citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease in citrus species like lime.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Single polar flagellum.'
Which of the following has peritrichous flagella?
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Pseudomonas
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Bacillus typhosus
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Spirillium
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Vibrio
Explanation
There are four types of flagellar arrangements based on the number and placement of flagella on the cell. These are,
1. Monotrichous - A single flagellum extends from one end of the cell. Example includes
Vibrio cholerae
.
2. Amphitrichous - A single flagellum or multiple flagella extend from two ends of the cell. Examples include
Alkaligens faecalis
.
3. L
ophotrichous -
Tuft of flagella extend from one end or both ends of the cell. Examples include
Spirillum
.
4.
P
eritrichous -
Multiple flagella randomly distributed over the entire bacterial cell. Example includes
Bacillus typhosus
.
Thus, the correct answer is '
Bacillus typhosus
.'
Halophilic archaebacterium (
Halobacterium salinarum
) found in the Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea cannot live in
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Less than $$3$$M NaCl concentration
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Less than $$5$$M NaCl concentration
0%
More than $$4$$M NaCl concentration
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More than $$3$$M NaCl concentration
Explanation
Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations. They are also called salt-loving microorganisms. They are found in hypersaline environments like in arid, coastal, deep‐sea, underground salt mines. They can comfortably live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as Great Salt Lake, Owens Lake and the Dead Sea. They cannot live in less than 3M NaCl concentration. The concentration higher than 3M NaCl in the environment will cause movement of water outside from a plant cell to the environment and cell will die due to osmotic stress. A concentration of l
ess than 3M NaCl concentration in the environment will cause the movement of water inside the cell from the environment will cause the cell to burst and the plant will die.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Less than 3M NaCl concentration.'
Select the correct combination of statements (a-d) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms.
(a) Methanogens are archaebacteria which produce methane in marshy areas.
(b) Nostoc is a filamentous blue-green alga which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
(c) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose.
(d) Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall and can survive without oxygen.
The correct statements are
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b, c
0%
a, b, c
0%
b, c, d
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a, b, d
Explanation
Methonogens belongs to Archaebacteria group. They produce methane gas in marshy areas. They produce biogas.
Nostoc
are filamentous Blue-green algae. They are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium compounds and make it available to plants. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria use inorganic molecules as a source of energy and convert them into organic substances.
Mycoplasma
are the smallest bacteria. They do not have cell wall around nuclear membrane. They can survive in anaerobic condition.
Thus, the correct answer is 'a, b, d.'
Who was able to culture virus for the first time?
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Enders
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Sinsheimer
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Temin
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Issacs and Lindemann
Which one secretes pheromones for the function?
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Rhizopus
for formation of zygospore
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All fungi for sexual reproduction
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Yeast for mating
0%
Plants for growth and development
Explanation
A pheromone is a chemical substance produced by one individual that causes behavioral changes in other organism when these are released in environment. it produces an effect on physiological, reproductive or external features. for example,
Rhizopus
has single sex but have two different mating types. When their adjacent halves secrete pheromones it triggers the hyphae to grow. Therefore option A "
Rhizopus
for formation of zygospores" is correct option
Match the lists.
I
II
(a)
Corynebacterium glutamicu
m
$$(1)$$
Flexibility in shape
(b)
Halobacterium
$$(2)$$
Mineralisation
(c)
Cristispira
$$(3)$$
Lysine
(d)
Bacillus mycoides
$$(4)$$
Gas vacuoles
$$(5)$$
Parasite on bacteria
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$$a-5, b-2, c-3, d-4$$
0%
$$a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2$$
0%
$$a-2, b-5, c-4, d-1$$
0%
$$a-4, b-1, c-3, d-5$$
Explanation
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a gram-positive soil bacterium. Through its metabolism, it synthesizes products such as serine, glutamate, and lysine - amino acids.
From the following statements, identify the ones, which are not relevant to archaebacteria.
(a) They live in some of the harshest habitats.
(b) They are present in the gut of several ruminant animals.
(c) They are characterized by the presence of a rigid cell wall.
(d) They include mycoplasma.
(e) They are also referred to as blue-green algae.
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(a), (b) and (c)
0%
(a), (c) and (e)
0%
(c), (d) and (e)
0%
(a), (c) and (d)
0%
(b), (c) and (e)
Explanation
Archaebacteria are a type of single-cell organism which do not have membrane-bound organelles. They also lack true nucleus. They live in some of the harshest habitats. They have cell wall which is made up of polysaccharides and proteins without peptidoglycan. They include Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles. Methanogens produce methane gas or biogas. They are present in the gut of several ruminant animals. Halophiles are present in areas with high salt concentrations. Thermophiles are present in areas with extremely high temperature.
Thus, the correct answer is '(c), (d) and (e).'
Prions were studied by _______
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Raymer
0%
Diener
0%
Prusiner
0%
Jacob
Select the correct matches.
(a)
Nitrosomonas
- nitrite to nitrate
(b)
Thiobacillus
- denitrification
(c)
Nostoc
- free-living nitrogen fixer
(d)
Azotobacter
- anaerobic nitrogen fixer
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a and b
0%
b, c and d
0%
a and c
0%
c and d
0%
b and d
Explanation
Nitrification is a process in which ammonia is converted to nitrites and nitrites into nitrates. Examples of nitrifying bacteria includes
Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus
.
Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus
converts ammonia to nitrites.
Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus
converts nitrites to nitrates. Denitrification is a process by which nitrate is reduced to molecular nitrogen. Examples of bacteria that carry out denitrification process includes
Thiobacillus
. Nitrogen fixation is a process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonium compounds. Example of free living nitrogen fixer includes
Nostoc
. Example of free living aerobic nitrogen fixer includes
Azotobacter
.
Thus, the correct answer is 'b and c.'
Which one is a subclass of dicotyledons in Bentham and Hooker's system of classification?
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Polypetalae
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Gamopetalae
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Monochlamydeae
0%
All of the above
Explanation
Bentham and Hooker divided Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants into three classes namely-
Dicotyledonae ( class I )
Gymnospermae ( class II )
Monocotyledonae ( class III ).
This classification had three subclasses of dicotyledons namely- Polypetalae, Gamopetalae, Monochlamydae.
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.
Ruminococcus is a
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Eubacterium
0%
Halophile
0%
Chemolithotroph
0%
Methanogen
Explanation
Ruminococcus
is a genus of bacteria in the class Clostridia. It is anaerobic, Gram-positive Eubacterium. It is found in the intestines of humans. It is capable of cellulose degradation.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Eubacterium.'
Scrapie of shee and Cruetzfeldt-Jacob nervous disease of humans are caused by _________
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Prions
0%
Viroids
0%
RNA-viruses
0%
DNA-viruses
Explanation
Option (A) is the right answer.
Scrapie of sheep and cruetzfeldt-Jacob nervous disease of humans are caused by prions.
Scrapie is a fatal degenerative disease that affects the nervous system of sheeps and goats.
It is one of the most several transmissible spongiform encaphalopathies(TSES) and as such its target to be caused by a prion.
The smallest disease causing organism is _______.
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Bdellovibrios
0%
Virus
0%
Viroids
0%
Prions
Number of series distinguished by Bentham and Hooker is subclass monochlamydeae is
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$$3$$
0%
$$5$$
0%
$$7$$
0%
$$8$$
Explanation
The group monochlamydaea was one of three within the Dicotyledons, the others being Polypetalae and Gamopetalae. It included plants with flowers that had either a calyx or corolla, but not both. Though, it was later abandoned.
The number of series distinguished by Bentham and Hooker in subclass monochlamydeous were eight.
So, the correct option is '8'.
Methanogens belong to
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Slime moulds
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Eubacteria
0%
Archaebacteria
0%
Dinoflagellates.
Explanation
Methanogens belong to archaebacteria. They are strict anaerobes. They are autotrophs which obtain both energy and carbon from decomposition products. They occur in marshy areas where they convert formic acid and carbon dioxide into methane with the help of hydrogen. This capability is commercially exploited in the production of methane and fuel gas inside gobar gas plants, e.g., Methanobacterium, Methanococcus. Some of the methanogens live as symbionts inside rumen of herbivorous animals that chew their cud. These archaebacteria are helpful to the ruminants in fermentation of celullose.
During unfavourable conditions slime molds form spores which are survival for a long time, spore dispersal take place by
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0%
Water currents
0%
Air currents
0%
Insects
0%
None of these
Explanation
Slime moulds are Saprophytic Protists.
They move along decaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material.
Under a suitable condition, they form aggregation called Plasmodium.
During unfavourable condition, the plasmodium differentiates and form fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.
The spores possess true walls.
They are extremely resistant and survive for many years even under adverse conditions.
The spores are dispersed by air currents.
So, the correct answer is 'Air currents'.
Thermococcus
,
Methanococcus
and
Methanobacterium
are
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Archaebacteria having eukaryotic histone homologue
0%
Bacteria with cytoskeleton
0%
Archaebacteria with negatively supercoiled DNA as in eukaryotes but lacking histones.
0%
Bacteria with positively coiled DNA, cytoskeleton and mitochondria.
Explanation
Thermococcus, Methanococcus
and
Methanobacterium
are Archaebacteria. They lack histones. They have negatively supercoiled DNA. They differ from bacteria in a way that they survive extreme conditions. Unlike bacteria, archaea cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
An English naturalist, who wrote the book 'Historia Generalis Plantarum' and introduced the word 'species' was.
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Theophrastus
0%
John Ray
0%
Cuvier
0%
Lamarck
Explanation
John Ray published important works on botany, zoology, and natural theology. His classification of the plant in his Historia Plantarum was an important step towards modern taxonomy. He also coined the term Species.
So the correct option is "John Ray".
Asexual and sexual spores found in fungi respectively are.
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Conidia & Zoospores
0%
Oospores & Ascospores
0%
Sporangiospores & basidiospores
0%
Ascospores & basidiospores
Explanation
Name of spores
Type of spores
Conidia & Zoospores
Both are asexual spores
Oospores & Ascospores
Both are sexual spores
Sporangiospores & basidiospores
Asexual & sexual
Ascospores & basidiospores
Both are sexual spores
So, the correct answer is ' Sporangiospores & basidiospores
The evolutionary relationship of three major groups of organisms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria) is shown in the accompanying diagram. Which one alphabet represents best for archaebacteria?
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A
0%
B
0%
C
0%
Both A and C
How many of the following bacteria can obtain food from living host?
Mycobacterium leprae, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus vulgaris, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas.
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Three
0%
Four
0%
Two
0%
Five
Explanation
There are different modes of nutrition found in bacteria, such as photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic, saprophytic nutrition.
In parasitic bacteria, bacteria can obtain food from a living host.
Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus
,
bacteria can obtain food from living host.
Hence, the correct answer is option A, i.e., Three.
Trichoderma
, bracket fungi,
Neurospora, Colletotrichum
and
Aspergillus
are similar in presence of __________.
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Dolipore septa in mycelium
0%
Cross wall in their hyphae
0%
sexual reproduction
0%
Simple septa in mycelium
Mushroom is a?
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0%
Fungus
0%
Alga
0%
Fern
0%
Moss
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