Explanation
$$\textbf{Correct option:A}$$
$$\textbf{Solution:}$$
$$\bullet$$ A very small proportion of oxygen travels via blood in dissolved formed which is about 1.5% of the total amount . The majority of oxygen is transported as a combination with hemoglobin which is present in erythrocytes to form oxyhaemoglobin complex .
$$\bullet$$ Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein ,which is composed of two substance,globin which is a globular protein and the heme is the portion that contains four iron, each capable of combining with a molecule of oxygen. Therefore,four molecules of oxygen bind one molecule of haemoglobin.
$$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (A)}$$
Occupational lung diseases are those diseases that are caused by the inhalation of dust, chemicals, or proteins. It includes diseases like occupational asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung diseases, silicosis.
a) Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin.
b) Anthracis is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. They are commonly found in the soil of grazing areas.
c) Emphysema is caused due to the destruction of alveoli of the lungs.
d) Silicosis is an occupational lung disease that is caused due to inhaling particles of silica. It is an interstitial lung disease. It results in the formation of masses of fibrous tissue and nodules of dense fibrosis.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Correct option: A
Explanation:
Expiration involves two muscles internal intercostal and diaphragm muscles. Internal intercostal muscles contract ribs which moves ribs in downward and diaphragm muscles in expiration relax and it goes upward which then is in dome shaped.
Hence, ‘Dome shaped’ is the correct answer.
$$\bullet$$ According to Boyle's law when temperature is kept constant ,the pressure of one mole of a substance is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by the gas.
$$\bullet$$ The overall volume of the thoracic cavity increases due to the oscillatory contraction and relaxation of diaphragm, external intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles ,as a result of which there is a decrease in air pressure across the lungs . Therefore, greater pressure outside the body in the atmosphere tends to cause air flow into the external nares from where the inspired air flow starts and finally reaches the lungs.
Correct option: D
Vital capacity is maximum amount of air that can be expired forcefully from lungs after maximum deep inspiration.
IRV – extra amount of air inhaled forcefully normal inspiration (3000ml)
TV – tidal volume of inspiration/expiration during normal breathing (500ml)
ERV – extra amount of air expired after normal expiration (1100ml)
Therefore, the vital capacity of lungs is 4600ml
Hence, ‘IRV + TV + ERV’ is correct answer.
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