CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Chemical Coordination And Integration Quiz 2 - MCQExams.com

• The chief mineral-regulating hormone is aldosterone, which is truly a life-saving hormone, for without it the sodium and chloride concentrations in the body would be greatly reduced, resulting in shock and sudden death. 
• Cortisol is essential for life. Cortisol helps to maintain blood pressure, immune function, and the body's anti-inflammatory processes. 
• Adrenaline is also a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. 
  
• This hormone is part of the human body's acute stress response system, also called the "fight or flight" response. 
• It works by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs.

• Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands during high stress or exciting situations. 
• This hormone is part of the human body's acute stress response system, also called the "fight or flight" response. 
• It works by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs.

• Adrenaline is a natural stimulant hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. 
• Adrenaline is carried in the bloodstream and affects the autonomous nervous system, which controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, conversion of glycogen into glucose, secretion of sweat and saliva, etc.
• So, the correct answer is option C.

• The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. 
• It produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone, that affects the modulation of sleep patterns in both seasonal and circadian rhythms.

$$\textbf{Correct option:D}$$ 

$$\textbf{Solution:}$$

$$\textbf{Option (A)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Pituitary is under the direct control of hypothalamus which stimulates the secretion of trophic hormones that controls the activity of other endocrine glands.

$$\textbf{Option (B)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Adrenal gland is divided into two region which are adrenal cortex that secretes aldosterone,cortisol,cortisone,estrogens and androgens ;adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and nor epinephrine which are tyrosine derivatives.

$$\textbf{Option (C)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Insulin is secreted by beta  cells of islets of langerhans which helps in glycogen synthesis from glucose in liver and adipose tissue ,protein synthesis and reduced oxidation of fats.es.

$$\textbf{Option (D)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of islets of langerhans which helps in glycogen breakdown in the liver and adipose tissue,oxidation of protein and fats to assimilate energy.

$$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (D)}$$

• Growth Hormone(GH) also called somatotropin is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone.
  
• Since the anterior pituitary lobe is damaged in the child, that means no growth hormone is produced hence child will have permanently short stature.

• The biological clock is the organism's natural timing system, regulating the cycle of circadian rhythms.
• The pineal gland acts as a biological clock and is a neurosensory transducer.
• The pineal gland synthesizes and secretes the melatonin hormone. 
• This gland is attached to the roof of the third ventricle in the rear part of the brain. 
• It acts as a sensor to detect the time and sends the signal to the body in the form of melatonin hormone.

• The pancreas has dual nature exocrine and endocrine, endocrine secretes hormone and exocrine secretes digestive enzymes (pancreatic juice).
• Pancreatic juice is secreted by the acinar cells of the pancreas which contains a variety of enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, carboxypeptidase.

$$\textbf{Correct option:A}$$ 

$$\textbf{Solution:}$$

$$\textbf{Option (A)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Parathormone is a peptide hormone which is secreted from the cheif cells of parathyroid glands and helps in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism by increasing calcium reabsorption from intestines and nephrons and release of calcium from bones to blood ,inhibits the formation of collagen from osteoblasts which stores calcium .

$$\textbf{Option (D)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Steroid hormones are fat soluble hormones which can easily passs through the plasma membrane . Some steroid hormones are mneralocorticoids (aldosterone) ,glucocorticoids (cortisol,corticosterone etc.) and sex hormones (androgens, estrogens ,testosterone and progeserone) .

$$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (A)}$$