CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Chemical Coordination And Integration Quiz 4 - MCQExams.com

• The hormone binds to specific receptors called hormone-receptors. 
• These hormone receptors may be present on the cell surface or inside the cell, depending on the activity and pathway followed by the hormone for stimulation. 
• Peptide hormones have receptors that are present on the cell surface. These receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane and so, called the transmembrane receptors. 

$$\textbf{Correct option:D}$$ 

$$\textbf{Solution:}$$

$$\textbf{Option (A)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Insulin is an anabolic hormone which is secreted from the beta cells of islets of Langerhans, which helps in synthesis of protein ,reduces oxidation of fats ,lowering blood sugar by converting it into glycogen which is stored in the liver so that it can be used for later use.

$$\bullet$$ Glucagon is an catabolic hormone which is secreted from the alpha cells of islets of Langerhans, which helps in breakdown of protein ,increases oxidation of fats ,increasing blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose which is stored in the liver as a energy source.

$$\textbf{Option (B)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Testosterone is the principal androgens which promotes development of secondary sex organs and characters, stimulates formation of sperm in testes and promotes growth of bones , tissues and muscle .

$$\bullet$$ Estrogens  is a steroid hormone secreted by the cells of graafian follicles that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty like femnine stature,growth of mammary glands ,maturation of ova and development of uterus epithelium.

$$\textbf{Option (C)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Cortisone is a glucocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that helps relieve inflammation in various parts of the body,prevent allergic reactions, used as treatment of autoimmune diseases, skin conditions, asthma and other lung conditions.

$$\bullet$$ Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motivation, reward, motor control, maternal,cognitive function and reproductive behaviors.

$$\textbf{Option (D)}$$

$$\bullet$$ Aldosterone is mineralocorticoid that is secreted by adrenal cortex ,that increases the permeability of nephron to sodium ions,hence it is reabsorbed from kidneys which in turn withdraws water from glomerular filtrate . Therefore ,there is an overall rise in sodium ions and water in blood plasma. 

$$\bullet$$ Adrenaline is released from the adrenal medulla at the time when there is a requirement of energy . It accelerates the heart beat,constricts blood vessels due to which blood pressure increase, which in turn increases oxygen consumption which induces breakdown of glycogen and provides energy.

$$\textbf{Hence, the correct option is (D)}$$

• Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by adrenal medulla during stress. 
• Adrenaline is called an emergency hormone because it initiates quick action which makes the individual to think and respond quickly to the stress. 
• Adrenaline hormone increases metabolic rate and causes dilation of blood vessels going to the heart and the brain. The blood vessels reaching skin and kidneys constrict in order to provide more blood to the heart and the brain. they also increase fat metabolism thereby synthesizing more energy.
• Hence Adrenaline is also called the emergency hormone.
• So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'.
  

• The pancreas is an endocrine gland that produces two hormones insulin and glucagon. 
• Insulin helps to regulate blood glucose levels. 
• If the hyposecretion of insulin hormone or malfunctioning of pancreas then there will be the increased concentration of sugar in the blood and this condition is called diabetes.

• Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by adrenal medulla during stress.
• Adrenaline is called an emergency hormone because it initiates quick action which makes the individual to think and respond quickly to the stress.
  
• Adrenaline stimulates heartbeat, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye, redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximize blood glucose levels.
• Hence Hormone that stimulates heartbeat is adrenaline.
• So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'.

• The thyroid is an endocrine gland that secretes three hormones that are thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, and thyrocalcitonin. 
• A deficiency in the secretion of hormone from the thyroid gland leads to hypothyroidism condition. 
• In hypothyroidism, there is a deficiency of both thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine hormone results in reduced metabolic rate, slow mental development, slow body growth, sluggishness (slow to respond), etc.