Explanation
Brunner's glands are compound tubular glands found only in the submucosa of the duodenum. They produce mucoid fluid, which protects the duodenal mucosa from acidic chyme coming from the stomach.
So, the correct answer is 'Duodenum'.
Villi are located in
$$\textbf{Correct answer: A}$$
$$\textbf{Option (A):}$$
$$\bullet$$ The first leading cause of death in children under 5 years is specific pathogens.
$$\bullet$$ More than 30% of the deaths occur due to the susceptibility of children to these pathogens.
$$\bullet$$ The second leading cause of death in children is diarrhoea.
$$\bullet$$ It is caused due to loss of water with the faeces. It is the frequent passing of these loose watery feces that can slowly make the patient dehydrated.
$$\bullet$$ This generally occurs due to infections in the intestine and it can spread through unhygienic means. The presence of contaminated food can easily spread the pathogen.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).
$$\textbf{Correct answer: B}$$
$$\textbf{Option (B):}$$
$$\bullet$$ The organisms of phylum Coelenterata include all aquatic organisms. There are both marine and freshwater organisms in this phylum.
$$\bullet$$ This is one of the phyla containing the simplest group of multicellular invertebrate animals. They grow at the bottom forming colonies.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).
$$\bullet$$ The pyloric part of the stomach is responsible for the secretion of the gastrin hormone.
$$\bullet$$ Cholecystokinin and secretin are released from the duodenal cells. CCK induces the release of bile from the gallbladder. Secretin induces the secretions from gastric glands.
$$\bullet$$ Both CCK and secretin act on the pancreatic cells for the secretion of pancreatic juice and induce the secretion of bicarbonate ions to reduce the acidity of chyme which enters the intestine from the stomach.
$$\textbf{Option (C):}$$
$$\bullet$$ Ileum of the small intestine is not responsible for the secretion of hormones.
$$\bullet$$ It is the region with the highest nutrient absorption.
$$\textbf{Option (D):}$$
$$\bullet$$ Oesophagus access a passage for the food to move from the buccal cavity to the stomach.
$$\bullet$$ There are no endocrine secretions in this region.
$$\textbf{Correct answer: C}$$
$$\bullet$$ Gastric glands are the small glandular cells that are present in the lining of the stomach.
$$\bullet$$ The pancreas is a mixed gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions. But it is not the largest gland in the human body.
$$\bullet$$ The liver is the largest gland in the human body because it is responsible for producing bile which is released through the hepatic duct.
$$\bullet$$ Bile helps in the absorption of fats in the intestine.
$$\bullet$$ There are three pairs of salivary glands located around the mouth.
$$\bullet$$ None of the salivary glands are large enough to become the largest gland in the body.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).
$$\textbf{Correct answer: D}$$
$$\bullet$$ Triglycerides are fat macromolecules that are emulsified into fatty acids and glycerol.
$$\bullet$$ Fats are not transported to lacteal in this form as they cannot be absorbed in the form of triglyceride.
$$\bullet$$ Glycogen is the macromolecular form in which the carbohydrates are stored inside the cell.
$$\bullet$$ Glycogen storage is found in the muscle cell and the liver cells.
$$\bullet$$ Phospholipids are present on the cell surface and lipid is not transported in this form.
$$\bullet$$ The emulsified fats produce fatty acids and glycerol. The presence of bile salts form the micelles since the fatty acids are insoluble. These micelles are further converted to chylomicrons.
$$\bullet$$ Chylomicrons are water-soluble and hence they are absorbed by the villi.
$$\bullet$$ Lacteals are present just below the villi and the chylomicron enters the lacteal to be transported by the lymph vessels to the adipocyte cells.
Hence, the correct answer is option (D).
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