CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Excretory Products And Their Elimination Quiz 15 - MCQExams.com

About how many nephrons are there in each kidney of a human?
  • 16
  • 200
  • 1000
  • 1,000,000
Plasma resembles the filtrate produced in the glomerulus except for the presence of
  • Glucose
  • Amino-acids
  • Proteins
  • Chlorides
Glomerular filtration occurs because
  • Afferent glomerular capillary is wider than efferent glomerular capillary.
  • Afferent glomerular capillary is narrower than efferent glomerular capillary.
  • Afferent glomerular arteriole is narrower than efferent glomerular arteriole.
  • Afferent glomerular arteriole is wider than efferent glomerular arteriole.
If glucose and aminoacids enter the nephorn along with filtrate, then
  • Glomerulus absorbs the glucose and aminoacids.
  • Renal artery absorbs the glucose and aminoacids.
  • Blood capillaries surrounding the nephron reabsorb the glucose and aminoacids.
  • Blood capillaries surrounding the nephron reabsorb the filtrate.
Which part of the nephron is least permeable to water?
  • Proximal tubule
  • Descending limb of the loop of Henle
  • Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  • Collecting duct
The vessel leading blood into the Bowman's capsule is known as
  • Afferent arteriole
  • Efferent arteriole
  • Renal vein
  • Renal artery
The part of excretory system which acts as blood filter is
  • Glomerulus
  • Nephron
  • Kidney
  • Urinary bladder
Well developed digestive system is present in
  • Cnidarians, prawns and earthworms
  • Grasshoppers, frogs and houseflies
  • Amoeba, Hydra and dog
  • Sponges, flatworms and earthworms
Sea gulls excrete excess of $$NaCl$$ from
  • Liver
  • Lungs
  • Nasal cavity
  • Kidney

Which of the following is a functions of the kidney?
  • Filtration of blood to remove wastes.
  • Blood pressure regulation
  • pH regulation
  • Both A and C
  • All of the above
Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Dialysis tubing is a semipermeable membrane. It allows small molecules, such as water, to pass through easily, while larger molecules, such as sucrose, are restricted. Movement of molecules across the tubing is due to concentration gradients. In an experiment designed to study osmosis, several pieces of dialysis tubing were filled with sucrose solutions of varying concentration and placed in beakers containing distilled water. The rate and direction of water movement was determined by weighing the bags before and after placing them in the distilled water. The data are recorded below.
Table 1
Tube number
Tube contents
(beaker contents)
Mass(g)
0 minutes
Mass(g)
15 minutes
Mass (g)
30 minutes
Mass(g)
45 minutes
Mass (g)
60 minutes
1
Distilled water
(distilled water)
22.3 g
22.4 g
22.2 g
22.3 g
22.3 g
2
10% sucrose
(distilled water)
24.8 g
25.3 g
25.7 g
26.4 g
26.9 g
3
40% sucrose
(distilled water)
25.1 g
26.3 g
27.5 g
28.9 g
29.6 g
4
Distilled water
(40% sucrose)
22.7 g
21.3 g
20.5 g
19.8 g
18.7 g

Why does the mass of Tube 3 increase while the mass of Tube 4 decreases?
  • Water is moving into Tube 3, and sucrose is moving into Tube 4.
  • Water is moving into Tube 4, and sucrose is moving into Tube 3.
  • Water is moving into Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.
  • Sucrose is moving into Tube 3, and sucrose is moving out of Tube 4.
  • Sucrose is moving out of Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.
Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to salt water balance inside the body of living organisms?
  • When water is not available camels do not produce urine but store urea in tissues.
  • Salmon fish excretes lot of stored saIt through gill membrane in fresh water.
  • Paramecium discharges concentrated salt solution by contractile vacuoles.
  • The body fluids of fresh water animals are generally hypotonic to surrounding water.
The reabsorption of water in the urinary tract takes place with the help of loop of Henle. How is this structure modified in fresh water aquatic species as compared to terrestrial one?
  • Absent
  • Longer
  • Shorter
  • Withered
  • Thinner
Match the following :
List I
(Part of nephron)		List II
(Function)
AProximal convoluted tubuleIImpermeable to sodium ions
BDistal convoluted tubuleIIImpermeable to water
CDsecending limb of Henle's loopIIIFacultative reabsorption of water $$Na^+$$
DAsecending limb of Henle's loopIVReabsorption of nutrients and $$Na^+$$
  • A- III, B- IV, C- II, D- I
  • A- III, B- IV, C- I, D- II
  • A- IV, B- III, C- I, D- II
  • A- IV, B- II, C- I, D- III
The size of filtration slits of glomerulus is
  • 10 nm
  • 15 nm
  • 20 nm
  • 25 nm

Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Dialysis tubing is a semipermeable membrane. It allows small molecules, such as water, to pass through easily, while larger molecules, such as sucrose, are restricted. Movement of molecules across the tubing is due to concentration gradients. In an experiment designed to study osmosis, several pieces of dialysis tubing were filled with sucrose solutions of varying concentration and placed in beakers containing distilled water. The rate and direction of water movement was determined by weighing the bags before and after placing them in the distilled water. The data are recorded below.Table 1
Tube number
Tube contents
(beaker contents)
Mass(g)
0 minutes
Mass (g)
15 minutes
Mass(g)
30 minutes
Mass (g)
45 minutes
Mass (g)
60 minutes
1
Distilled water
(distilled water)
22.3 g
22.4 g
22.2 g   
22.3 g
22.3 g
2
10% sucrose
(distilled water)   
24.8 g
25.3 g
25.7 g
26.4 g
26.9 g
3
40% sucrose
(distilled water)
25.1 g
26.3 g
27.5 g
28.9 g
29.6 g
4
Distilled water
(40% sucrose)
22.7 g
21.3 g
20.5 g
19.8 g
18.7 g

Why does the mass of Tube 1 remain relatively unchanged throughout the experiment?
  • The dialysis tubing in Tube 1 is defective and does not allow water to cross
  • There is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of sucrose
  • The dialysis tubing broke, allowing the tube contents to mix with the beaker contents
  • There is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of water
  • The experimenter failed to record the data properly

Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Dialysis tubing is a semipermeable membrane. It allows small molecules, such as water, to pass through easily, while larger molecules, such as sucrose, are restricted. Movement of molecules across the tubing is due to concentration gradients. In an experiment designed to study osmosis, several pieces of dialysis tubing were filled with sucrose solutions of varying concentration and placed in beakers containing distilled water. The rate and direction of water movement was determined by weighing the bags before and after placing them in the distilled water. The data are recorded below.Table 1
Tube number
    Tube contents
(beaker contents)
Mass(g)
0 minutes
Mass (g)
15 minutes
Mass (g)
30 minutes
Mass (g)
45 minutes
Mass (g)
60 minutes
1
Distilled water
(distilled water)   
22.3 g
22.4 g
22.2 g
22.3 g
22.3 g
2
10% sucrose
(distilled water)   
24.8 g
25.3 g
25.7 g
26.4 g
26.9 g
3
40% sucrose
(distilled water)   
25.1 g
26.3 g
27.5 g
28.9 g
29.6 g
4
Distilled water
(40% sucrose)
22.7 g
21.3 g   
20.5 g
19.8 g
18.7 g

Cell membranes are also semipermeable, allowing water but not other substances to cross easily. A red blood cell placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution will neither swell nor shrivel. Based on this knowledge, and the information presented in Table 1, what would happen to a red blood cell placed in a 20% NaCl solution?
  • Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would swell
  • Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would swell
  • Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would shrivel
  • Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would shrivel
  • No change would occur to the cell
The function of counter current mechanism is performed by
I. Gills
II. Kidneys
III. Intestines
IV. Lungs
  • I and III only
  • II and IV only
  • I, II, and IV
  • I, II, III, and IV
The nephrons discharge their urine at the
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
  • Renal pelvis
  • Renal pyramid
Which of the following polysaccharide is not metabolised in human body and is readily filtered through the kidneys?
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
  • Inulin
Bowman's capsule; loop of Henle and alveoli of lungs share one common character. They are?
  • All ciliated
  • Lined by pavement epithelium
  • All secretory
  • All columnar
Which is the part of the nephron that exists in outer zone of kidney?
  • Loop of the henle
  • PCT
  • DCT
  • Bowman's capsule

Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Dialysis tubing is a semipermeable membrane. It allows small molecules, such as water, to pass through easily, while larger molecules, such as sucrose, are restricted. Movement of molecules across the tubing is due to concentration gradients. In an experiment designed to study osmosis, several pieces of dialysis tubing were filled with sucrose solutions of varying concentration and placed in beakers containing distilled water. The rate and direction of water movement was determined by weighing the bags before and after placing them in the distilled water. The data are recorded below.Table 1
Tube number
Tube contents
(beaker contents)
Mass(g)
0 minutes
Mass (g)
15 minutes
Mass(g)
30 minutes
Mass (g)
45 minutes
Mass (g)
60 minutes
1
Distilled water
(distilled water)
22.3 g   
22.4 g
22.2 g
22.3 g
22.3 g
2
10% sucrose
(distilled water)   
24.8 g
25.3 g
25.7 g
26.4 g
26.9 g
3
40% sucrose
(distilled water)
25.1 g
26.3 g
27.5 g
28.9 g   
29.6 g
4
Distilled water
(40% sucrose)
22.7 g
21.3 g
20.5 g
19.8 g
18.7 g

Which of the following graphs best illustrates the relationship between Tube 2 and Tube 3?
Functional kidney of frog's tadpole is 
  • Pronephros
  • Mesonephros
  • Holonephros
  • Metanephros
Medulla of the kidney is composed of.
  • Les than $$8$$ pyramids
  • Only one pyramid
  • $$8$$ to $$18$$ pyramids
  • More than $$20$$ pyramids
The Nitrogen fixed in root nodules of Glycine max is exported to other parts of the plant as.
  • Ureides
  • Asparagine
  • Nitrates
  • Ammonia
In prokaryotes, the glycocalyx when it is thick is called
  • Mesosome
  • Cell wall
  • Slime layer
  • Capsule.
Bilirubin and biliverdin are derived from.
  • Globin
  • Haem
  • Iron
  • Fat
When 2 to 3 drops of Benedicts reagent are added to a urine sample and heated gently, it turns yellow. This colour change indicates that
  • Urine contains 2% glucose
  • Urine contains 0.5% glucose
  • Urine contains 1.5% glucose
  • Urine contains 1% glucose
Trimethylamine is the excretory product in 
  • Freshwater fishes
  • Molluscs
  • Amphibians
  • Marine teleosts
Which one is not a gland?
  • Thyroid
  • Pituitary
  • Pancreas
  • Kidney
If Henles loop were absent from mammalian nephron which of the following is to be expected
  • There will be no urine formation
  • There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed
  • The urine will be more concentrated
  • The urine will be more dilute
Excretion is required for maintaining homeostasis of body fluids through regulation of their
  • Volume, composition, pH and osmotic potential
  • Volume
  • Composition and pH
  • Osmotic potential
Match the following. Identify the correct match between Set-I and Set-II.
Set-ISet-II
A) Flame cellsI) Arthropods
B) Coiled tubulesII) Platyhelminths
C) Malpighian tubulesIII) Crustcean
D) Green glandsIV) Annelids
  • A- II, B- IV, C- I, D- III
  • A- I, B- II, C- IV, D- III
  • A- III, B- IV, C- I, D- II
  • A- IV, B- III, C- II, D- I
Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Pressure filtration is associated with
  • glomerular capsule
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting duct
  • all of these
State whether the following statements are true or false .
Homeostasis is achieved by morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations
  • True
  • False
Read the following statement and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : When the urine moves through the descending limb, it becomes hypertonic to blood plasma and as it passes through are ascending limb, of Henle's loop it becomes hypotonic to blood plasma.
Statement 2 : The descending limb is permeable to sodium ions, while the ascending limb is impermeable to sodium ions.
  • Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
  • Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1
  • Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.
  • Both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given .
The maintenance of internal conditions of an organism within a certain boundary range is called
  • evolution
  • metabolism
  • adaptation
  • homeostasis
The bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman's capsule are called 
  • Pacinian corpuscle
  • Bowman's fibres.
  • glomerulus
  • Malpighian corpuscle.
Which of the following statements are correct? 
(i) Renal vein takes blood away from kidney. 
(ii) Urine gets dilute in ascending limb of loop of Henle.
(iii) Podocytes occur in inner wall of Bowman's capsule. 
(iv) Ultrafiltrate/nephric filtrate is plasma minus proteins.
  • (i) and (ii)
  • (i) and (iii)
  • (iii) and (iv)
  • (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
When compared to the mammals, birds are less sensitive to temporary deprivation of water, because
  • Urea excretion in mammals entails a greater loss of water than that in birds
  • Absorption of Water horn the gut is more efficient in birds that in mammals
  • The water requirement per unit weight is less in birds than in mammal
  • None of these.
The plasma passing through the glomerulus loses about how much percentage of its volume as a filtrate?
  • $$50\%$$
  • $$20\%$$
  • $$80\%$$
  • $$40\%$$
Vasa recta are tubular capillaries around?
  • Posterior part of alimentary canal
  • PCT
  • Loop of Henle
  • DCT
The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is 
  • $$50\,mm\,Hg$$
  • $$75\,mm\,Hg$$
  • $$20\,mm\,Hg$$
  • $$30\,mm\,Hg$$
Select the correct option with regards to the structure and functions of nephrons.
  • Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons
  • The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tubule.
  • Nephrons are the basic filtering units of kidneys.
  • All of the above
Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding the collecting duct? 
(i) IT extends from the cortex to medulla.
(ii) Large amount of water could be reabsorbed by it to produce concentrated urine.
(iii) Small amount of urea diffuses into it from the medulla to keep up the osmolarity. 
(iv) It plays a role in maintaining $$pH$$ and ionic balance of blood by the selective secretion of $$H^{+}$$ and $$K^{+}$$ ions. 
  • Only (i)
  • Only (iii)
  • (ii) and (iii)
  • (i) and (iv)
Refer to the given figure of a nephron and select the incorrect option regarding $$P, Q, R$$ and $$S$$?
1191499_0c8497834405473a917dce480f7b68cc.1191499-Q
  • Blood enters PP through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole.
  • Filtrate coming from $$P$$ has glucose, proteins and som.e platelets also.
  • Cuboidal cells lining $$R$$ actively excrete additional wastes from the blood into the filtrate.
  • Anti-diuretic hormone alters the permeability of QQ, thereby increasing the reabsorption of water in them.
Mark the inappropriate term w.r.t. the glomerular filtration.
  • Non selective
  • Passive process
  • Active process
  • Occurs due to pressure difference
Choose the wrong statement.
  • In ureotelic organisms, ammonia is not a product metabolism
  • In mammals some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of ureotelics of maintain osmolarity
  • In fishes, kidneys do not play any significant role in the removal of ammonium ions
  • Urea and uric acid less toxic than ammonia
Find out which of the following statements are true(T)/false(F) and choose the correct option.
I. Adult human kidney measures $$10-12$$cm in length, $$5-7$$cm in width, $$2-3$$cm in thickness with an average weight of $$120-170$$gm
II. Blood vessels, nerves and urethra enter kidney through the hilum
III. Inner to the hilum of kidney is a broad funnel shaped space called the renal pelvis with projections called calyces
IV. Renal capsule is a soft layer made of perinephric adipose tissue only
OptionsIIIIIIIV
(a)TTTT
(b)FFTT
(c)TFTF
(d)TTFF
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
0:0:1


Answered Not Answered Not Visited Correct : 0 Incorrect : 0

Practice Class 11 Medical Biology Quiz Questions and Answers