CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Excretory Products And Their Elimination Quiz 9 - MCQExams.com

• The proximal tube is that the portion of the uriniferous tubule(nephron) of the kidney that leads from the glomerular capsule to the loop of Henle. It regulates the pH scale of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions within the filtrate. 
• Human excretion is often owing to hydrogen ions. Hence,  human urine is typically acidic as Hydrogen ions are actively produced into the filtrate.

• Blue - nil
• Green - 0.5 - 1 %
• Yellow - 1 - 2%
• Brick red - 2% or more

• The process of ultrafiltration happens within the nephrons of the kidneys. The method can be delineated as Blood flows through the capillary vessel that's enclosed by the Bowman's capsule. 
• The hydraulic pressure forces the little molecules to go away from the capillary vessel and enter the Bowman's capsule. 
• In conjunction with epithelium cells of the capillary loop and also the glomerular basement membrane, they form a filtration barrier. Hence, podocytes create tiny spores to filter the blood into Bowman's capsule.

• Warm-blooded creatures, like mammals and birds, try to keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature.
• Animals  have body structures and physiological responses that control how much heat they exchange with the environment:
1. Circulatory mechanisms, such as altering blood flow patterns
2. Insulation, such as fur, fat, or feathers
3. Evaporative mechanisms, such as panting and sweating. Hence, Endotherms or warm-blooded animals maintain a constant temperature by Insulating coat
Changing cutaneous circulation .
 So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Correct answer: A

Explanation:

• The net pressure gradient that's the reason for the fluid to filtrate the glomeruli into the capsule is 20 mm Hg.
• 75 mm Hg is just too high for the fluid to filtrate the glomeruli into the membrane.
• Regarding 20 percent of the plasma, fluid is filtered out into the membrane as a result of the net filtration rate of 10-15 mm Hg.
• Hence, the net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filtrate is 20 mm Hg.

 Hence, the proper answer is '20 mmHg'

Correct Option: C

Explanation:

• The diameter of the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole.
• Due to this, a hydrostatic pressure is created in the blood flowing through the glomerulus which forces the liquid part of the blood into the Bowman’s capsule.
• This liquid part of the blood is devoid of blood corpuscles and plasma proteins.
• This filtration under high pressure is called ultrafiltration.
• The liquid which enters into the Bowman’s capsule is called glomerular filtrate.

Hence, glomerular filtrate ia blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma proteins.

B. Podocytes-Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

Reason: Podocyte is an epithelial cell of the renal glomerulus. It is attached to the outer surface of the glomerular capillary basement membrane by cytoplasmic foot processes. They create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule. Endothelial cells of the glomerular capillary loop and the glomerular basement membrane, they form a filtration barrier.

The glomerulus is a tuft of small blood vessels called capillaries located within Bowman's capsule within the kidney. Glomerular mesangial cells structurally support the tufts. Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus by a single arteriole called an afferent arteriole and leaves by an efferent arteriole. Glomerular capillaries are 5000 times more permeable to water.

• Homeostasis is the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements maintained by the physiological process.
  
• In the body, some systems support  homeostasis, like the nervous and endocrine system