CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Plant Kingdom Quiz 10 - MCQExams.com

• Green algae contain the same carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b as land plants, whereas other algae have different accessory pigments and types of chlorophyll molecules in addition to chlorophyll a. 
• Both green algae and land plants also store carbohydrates as starch. Hence, the Ancestors of land plants/bryophytes were Green Algae.
• So, the correct answer is "Green Algae'.

• Bryophytes - nonvascular and nonflowering
• Algae - Nonvascular Cryptogams
• Gymnosperms - Vascular seed-bearing plants
• Angiosperms- Vascular seed-bearing plants.
• Pteridophytes- Vascular and nonseed bearing plants

Correct Option: C

Explanation:

Diplontic life cycle:

• The diplontic life cycle refers to an organism's life cycle that is dominated by the diploid stage. Plants and algae exhibit alternation of generation. All plants that reproduce sexually alternate between two multicellular phases, namely haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes.
• The diploid stage, or sporophyte, is the dominant and autonomous stage of the plant in the diplontic life cycle, performing photosynthesis. Single-cell gametes or few celled gametophytes indicate the haploid phase.
• Mitosis generally happens during the diploid stage, i.e. meiosis produces zygote and gametes.

Haplontic life cycle:

• The haploid gametophyte is the dominant stage.
• The diploid sporophyte is exclusively represented by the diploid zygote.
• The zygote splits meiotically to produce haploid cells, which then divide again to form multicellular haploid creatures by mitosis.
• The diploid stage is not self-sustaining.
• Green algae, such as Volvox, Spirogyra, and Chlamydomonas, are examples.

Haplo-diplontic life cycle:

• Both haploid and diploid phases are present in this case.
• In some, the gametophyte is the dominant and free-living phase, whereas the sporophyte is a tiny and short-lived phase that is dependent on gametophytes, such as Bryophytes.

Hence, zygotic meiosis occurs in Chlamydomonas, as it follows the haplontic life cycle.

• Red algae are defined as eukaryotic algae that possess chlorophyll a, d and phycobilins. They contain Floridian starch as a food reserve and abundant of phycocolloids (like agar, carrageenin) but lack flagellate cells. 

• So, the correct answer is "Chlorophyll and phycobilin'.

• The red  algae have plastids that contain only one chlorophyll type - chlorophyll a. The pigment phycoerythrin, a pigment that reflects red light and absorbs blue light, is responsible for this algae's red color. 
• Chlorophyll d is one of the rarer forms of photosynthetic pigment and is only found in species of red algae and cyanobacterium. Hence, Chlorophyll pigment present in red algae are chlorophyll  a and chlorophyll d.
• So, the correct answer is "'chlorophyll a,d'.

•  The common members of red algae are Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria, and Gelidium.
• The liverworts grow usually in moist, shady habitats such as banks of
  

• The pteridophytes are further classified into four classes: Psilopsida
  
• (Psilotum); Lycopsida (Selaginella, Lycopodium), Sphenopsida (Equisetum)
• and Pteropsida (Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum(Walking fern).
• In gymnosperm, Roots in some genera have a fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza (Pinus). 
  
• So, the correct answer is "(a)−(r),(b)−(p),(c)−(s),(d)−(q)'.
  

• Chlamydomonas is a microscopic, unicellular genus of green plants (algae) that live in freshwater. 
• It consists of two filaments of cytoplasmic flagellate which project from the anterior or the apical end of the cell. 
• Thus, option A is correct.

• Acetabularia is the largest unicellular organism. 
• Acetabularia is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Polyphysaceae family. 
• It is typically found in subtropical waters. 
• Acetabularia is a single-celled organism, but gigantic in size and complex in form, making it an excellent model organism for studying cell biology. 
• Thus, the correct answer is option B.

• The marine red alga Porphyra has been cultivated extensively in many Asian countries as an edible seaweed used to wrap the rice and fish that compose the Japanese food sushi and the Korean food kimbap. 
• Rhodymenia sps are also consumed as food either in raw or cooked form and its products are used as thickening agents in food preparations.
• So, the correct answer is "Rhodymenia and Porphyra'.

• Dunaliella is a halophilic alga and it does not possess a rigid cell wall.  
• To survive, the organism uses a high concentration of glycerol to maintain or to protect it against the osmotic pressure.
• So, the correct answer is "Glycerol'.

• Sago is a type of starch extracted from the core of certain sago palm (Cycas revoluta) stems that belongs to order Cycadales.
  

• Red algae (Rhodophyceae) are characterized by the absence of any motile phase. 
• Brown algae (Pheophyceae) are characterized by the presence of motile reproductive phase with two lateral flagella. 
• Green algae are characterized by unicellular flagellated cells or microscopic colonies of flagellated or non-flagellated cells and reproduce by zoospores. 
• Thus, the correct answer is option A.