Explanation
Chara reproduces vegetatively and sexually. Vegetative reproduction takes place by tubers, amylum stars and secondary protonema. The fructifications for sexual reproduction are globule or antheridium (male) and nucule or archegonium (female) or oogonium. The antheridia and archegonia or oogonia may occur on separate plants called dioecy, together on the same plant conjoined- monoecy or separately on the same plant -sejoined monoecy. After fertilization, the zygote develops into an oospore.
Kombu, is edible kelp from the family Laminariaceae, widely eaten in East Asia. Most kombu is from the species Saccharina japonica (Laminaria japonica) extensively cultivated on ropes in the seas of Japan and Korea. Kombu is edible kelp from Laminaria. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
The microsporangia in Cycas are borne in sori on the abaxial surface of the sporophyll. Each sorus contains 2 6 microsporangia. The number of microsporangia may be up to 700 in C.circinalis, 1000 in C. revoluta and 1150 in C.media. In between the sporangia are present uni or bi celled epidermal hair. The microsporangia are short-stalked, oval or elliptical structures. The development of the sporangium is of eusporangiate type. Each sporangium consists of a 5 6 layered wall. The outermost wall layer is called as exothecium whereas the innermost layer is the tapetum. The microsporangia are borne in sori on the abaxial surface of the sporophyll. Each sorus contains 2 6 microsporangia. The number of microsporangia may be up to 700 in C.circinalis, 1000 in C. revoluta and 1150 in C.media. In between the sporangia are present uni or bi celled epidermal hair. The microsporangia are short-stalked, oval or elliptical structures. The development of the sporangium is of eusporangiate type. Each sporangium consists of a 5 6 layered wall. The outer most wall layer is called as exothecium whereas the innermost layer is the tapetum.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Vaucheria is a yellow-green alga, in which synzoospore (also called as coenozoospor) develop. These are multiflagellate zoospore which is present especially in aquatic form. This zoospore first swims for some time, then settles down and withdraws its flagella, secrets a wall around and ultimately germinates.
The correct answer is D.
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