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CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Structural Organisation In Animals Quiz 2 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 11 Medical Biology
Structural Organisation In Animals
Quiz 2
In cockroach, which of the following is the principal motor centre?
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Supraesophageal ganglia
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Suboesophageal ganglia
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Metathoracic ganglia
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Abdominal ganglia
Explanation
Suboesophageal ganglion lies below the oesophagus and it controls the movement of mouthparts, legs and wings. Hence, it is the principal motor centre. It is formed by the fusion of three ganglia.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
In earthworms setae are present in all segments except
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First and the last segment
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First and the clitellum
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First segment
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Clitellum and last segment
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First, clitellum and last segment
Explanation
Setae are the 'S' shaped stiff bristles present on the complete body of earthworm except for the first, last and clitellar segments. These setae play an important function in locomotion. So, the correct answer is option E.
Basic unit in the eye of cockroach or insect is
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Retina
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Rhabdome
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Corneal facet
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Ommatidium
Explanation
The compound eyes of arthropods like cockroaches are composed of units called ommatidia.
An ommatidium contains a cluster of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells, which form several images combined to form a complete vision.
This kind of vision is known as mosaic vision.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Which one of these processes are found in animal only?
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Nervous System
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Hormonal Control
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Respiration
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Diffusion
Explanation
The nervous system is found in the kingdom Animalia.
Except for Porifera, Echinodermata and few worms, the nervous system is found in almost all animals consisting of a brain, a spinal cord, and some nerves.
The nervous system is not found in plants and other organisms like microbes, etc.
Hormones are also secreted by plants known as phytohormones.
Respiration and diffusion take place in all living cells.
So, option A is the correct option.
In cockroach, larval and nymphal characters are maintained by
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Ecdysone
0%
Salivary glands
0%
Pheromones
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Juvenile hormone
Explanation
Juvenile hormone (JH) prevents metamorphosis until a larva has attained an appropriate phase of development.
It is produced by corpora allata in insects.
It favors the development of juvenile characteristics.
During larval life, this hormone predominates, and each moult yields another larger
juvenile and keeps the larva in immature condition.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Common structure between earthworm and cockroach is
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Cocoon
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Ommatidia
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Dorsal nerve cord
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Ventral nerve cord
Explanation
Earthworms form cocoon but cockroach does not form a cocoon in its life cycle.
The cockroach has a compound eye comprised of a number of ommatidia, but earthworm does not have eyes.
Both earthworms and cockroaches are invertebrates having a v
entral solid nerve cord.
So, the correct answer is option D.
The structural and functional unit of the striated muscle fibre is called as
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Sarcolemma
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Sarcomere
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Sarcoplasm
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Myofibril
Explanation
The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a striated muscle fibre cell.
The sarcoplasm of a muscle fibre is like the cytoplasm of other cells and it houses large amounts of glycosomes.
A myofibril is a basic rod-like unit of a muscle. Myofibrils comprise of repeating sections of sarcomeres.
These sarcomeres appear as alternating dark and light bands under the microscope and are responsible for muscle contractions. Hence, considered the structural and functional unit of the striated muscle fibre.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Match list I with list II and choose the correction option
List I (Organism List II (Excretory structure)
(A) Cockroach (1) Nephridia
(B)
Clarias
(2) Malpighian tubules
(C) Earthworm (3) Kidneys
(D)
Balanoglossus
(4) Flame cells
(E) Flatworm (5) Proboscis gland
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(A) - (1), (B) - (3), (C) - (2), (D) - (4) , (E) - (5)
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(A) - (3), CB) - (1), (C) - (2), (D) - (5) , (E) - (4)
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(A) - (2), (B) - (1), (C) - (3), (D) - (5) , (E) - (4)
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(A) - (2), CB) - (1), (C) - (5), (D) - (3) , (E) - (4)
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(A) - (2), (B) - (3), (C) - (1), (D) - (5) , (E) - (4)
Explanation
E. (A) - (2), (B) - (3), (C) - (1), (D) - (5), (E) - (4)
EXPLANATION: The excretory organ of cockroach is malpighian tubules. This is found at the junction of the midgut and hindgut. The main function of malpighian tubules is to remove the metabolic waste from the haemolymph, the body fluid of cockroach. The excretory system of Clarias is kidney. The kidneys are situated in the abdominal cavity. Earthworms have excretory structures called nephridia. A pair of nephridia is present on each segment of the earthworm. The excretion takes place through the pores of nephridia is called nephridiopore. The excretory organ of Balanoglossus is proboscis gland. This gland lies in front of the central sinus. Flatworm use nephridium as their excretory organ. At the end of each nephridium there is a ciliated flame cells. When fluid passes through this organ, solutes are reabsorbed and again returned to the body fluid.
Which of the following is correctly stated as happens in the common cockroach?
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The food is grinded by mandibles and gizzard
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Malpighian tubules are excretory organ projecting out from the colon
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Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin blood
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Nitrogenous excretory product is urea
Explanation
In cockroach, malpighian tubules project from the midgut, haemoglobin is not the respiratory pigment rather haemocyanin is the respiratory pigment which helps in exchange of gases and ammonia is the respiratory product of cockroach. Mandibles and gizzard are used for grinding of food. So, the correct answer is option A.
Blood glands of Pheretima take part in
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Formation of red blood corpuscles
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Formation of phagocytes
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Maintenance of blood volume
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Maintenance of blood circulation
Explanation
Blood glands are present in the 4-6 segments and are responsible for producing blood corpuscles and haemoglobin
The efferent process of neuron is known as
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Axon
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Dendrites
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Cyton
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Neurofibril
Explanation
The long slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma is called a
n axon or nerve fibre
.
The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons,
muscles
and glands. Hence it is called the efferent process.
Hence the correct option is A.
Animals possess nerve network or nervous system to respond to their environment. But the single called Amoeba does not possesses any nerve cell, So, How it come to know whether a particle it encounters is a grain or sand and not its dinner?
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By chemotaxis
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By skin
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By hormones
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All of these
Explanation
Although the Amoeba has no sense organs, It responds
to chemical stimuli. It make this determination by
chemotaxis, a kind of chemical sense. This is the same
response mechanism that our white blood use when
they encounter and phagocytize a pathogen.
The gas exchange surface in an earthworm is
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Tracheae
0%
Gills
0%
Skin
0%
Ctenidia
Explanation
Gas exchange in earthworm happen through their skin. Earthworm should maintain moist skin so that oxygen from air enters into their capillaries through their skin. Oxygen are carried by their blood to the rest of the body while carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body but it is not carried by haemoglobin.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Myelin sheath is formed by
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Nissl's granules
0%
Muscle cells
0%
Schwann cells
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Axon
Explanation
The axon is covered by a lipid-rich membrane called myelin sheath. The myel
in sheath is formed by Schwann cells and each Schwann cell covers a part of the axon. The region where axon is not covered by the myelin sheath called node of Ranvier.
Thus, the correct answer is the option C.
Below the skin, the fat is in the form of ____________.
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Lipoproteins
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Adipose tissue
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Mucous layer
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Lymphoid tissue
Explanation
Fat is stored in adipose tissue found below the skin
and between internal organs. The cells of this
tissue are filled with fat globules. The storage of
fats also lets it act as an insulator thus
preventing the loss of body heat.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Major constituent of bone is:
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Ca
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Mg
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Zn
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Fe
Explanation
The mineral constituent of bone is composed of a salt of calcium and phosphorus called calcium phosphate. This makes the bony framework hard and strong.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Commonly known as body fat:
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Alveolar tissue
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Lymph glands
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Adipose tissue
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Liver cells
Explanation
Adipose tissue is commonly known as body fat.
It is a specialized connective tissue consisting of lipid-rich cells called adipocytes. As it comprises about 20-25% of total body weight in healthy individuals, the main function of adipose tissue is to store energy in the form of lipids (fat).
Hence, the correct option is C.
The types of fibres found in connective tissues are:
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Collagen fibres
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Elastic fibres
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Reticular fibres
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All of the above
Explanation
The fibrous components in connective tissue are of three types - collagenous, elastic and reticular.
Collagen is secreted in the form of tropocollagen molecules by the fibroblasts and then they assemble extracellularly to form striated collagen fibrils.
Elastic fibres are composed of the protein elastin and differ from collagenous fibres in dimensions, pattern and chemical composition.
Reticular fibres are distinguished by their tendency to form fine-meshed networks around cells and cell groups.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The areolar tissue connects:
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Two bones
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Muscle and the bone
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Muscle and the fat tissue
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Skin to the muscles beneath
Explanation
Areolar tissue is loose connective tissue found between skin and muscles.
It is found in many locations around the body. One important area is the skin, which binds the outer layers of the skin to the muscles beneath.
It also helps fill space in organs and provides support.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Which among the following is not part of the actual structure of a neuron?
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Dendrite
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Axon
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Schwann cells
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Nissl's body
Explanation
Schwann cells are neuroglial cells which are non-excitable cells that support the neurons. They secrete the myelin sheath that covers the axons. Dentrites, axon and Nissl's bodies are all parts of the neuron.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Which of the following is regarded as a unit of nervous tissue?
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Axons
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Dendrites
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Neurons
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Myelin sheath
Explanation
A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between neurons and other cells. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.
Thus, the correct answer is the option (C), 'Neurons'.
Schwann cell is found around
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Axon
0%
Cyton
0%
Dendrite
0%
Dendron
Explanation
The axon is covered by a lipid-rich membrane, called myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells and each Schwann cell covers a part of the axon.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A) Axon.
Haversian canals are found in:
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Adipose tissue
0%
Cartilage
0%
Bone matrix
0%
Areolar tissue
Explanation
Correct option: C
Explanation:
Haversian canals are a series of tubes around narrow channels that are formed by the lamellae in the bones. They are found in Bone matrix.
Adipose tissue is body fat present beneath the skin and around internal organs. Haversian canals are absent in these tissues.
Cartilage is formed by the deposition of calcium salts in the matrix around the joints. It create a low-friction environment and allows fluid bending/straightening motions against external stress. Haversian canals is absent.
Areolar tissue are fibers which are loosely arranged in a network to support other tissues. Haversian canals is absent in areolar tissues.
Thus, Option C is correct.
The muscles involved in the movement of the arm are
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Unstriped
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Striped
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Cardiac
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None of the above
Explanation
Striated muscle or skeletal muscle is the most common and widely distributed muscle tissue in the body. It forms all of the skeletal muscles, such as biceps. Striated muscle is voluntary muscle. All conscious movements of the body, including the movement of the arm, legs, facial expressions, eye movements and swallowing are the products of the skeletal or striated muscle tissue.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Smooth muscles are not:
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Spindle shaped
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Under control of autonomic nervous system
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Very simple in structure
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Multinucleated
Explanation
Correct option: D
Explanation:
Smooth muscle are involuntary muscles that shows no cross stripes under microscopic observation. It consists of narrow spindle-shaped cells with a single, centrally located nucleus.
It is under control of autonomic nervous system and simple in structure.
Thus,
Smooth muscles are not multinucleated
. Option D is correct.
Smooth muscle fibres are
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Cylindrical, unbranched, striated, multinucleate and voluntary
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Spindle-shaped, unbranched, non-striated, uninucleate and involuntary
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Cylindrical, unbranched, non-striated, multinucleate and involuntary
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Spindle-shaped, unbranched, striated, antinuclear and voluntary
Explanation
Correct option: B
Explanation:
Smooth muscle fibres are Spindle-shaped, unbranched, non-striated, uninucleate and involuntary.
It is found in the walls of hollow organs like stomach, intestines and in tracts of the respiratory system.
Thus, Option B is correct.
Striped muscles have:
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One nucleus
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Many nuclei
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Two nuclei
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No nucleus
Explanation
Each striated muscle cell is long and cylindrical.
The striated muscle cells are multinucleated, i.e. have many nuclei.
These nuclei control the activities of the muscle cell. Several mitochondria are present to meet the energy requirements of these cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
The muscles immune to fatigue are:
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Striped
0%
Non-striped
0%
Cardiac
0%
None of the above
Explanation
Correct option: C
Explanation
:
The muscles immune to fatigue are: Cardiac.
Cardiac muscle tissues occur only in heart and are controlled involuntarily. Fibres of these muscle contain large number of mitochondria. They continuously function without being stimulated by nerve impulse and cannot get fatigued.
Striped muscles are voluntary muscles, capable of fast contraction. These muscles get easily fatigued due to excessive contraction. Ex- skeletal muscles.
Non-striped muscles are involuntary muscles and covers the lining of the internal organs. ex- smooth muscles.
Thus, Option C is correct.
Striated muscles are:
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Syncytial
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Uninucleate
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Binucleate
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Anucleate
Explanation
A syncytium is a single cell that contains multiple nuclei.
A striated muscle fibre has many nuclei and hence, it is a
syncytium.
So, the correct answer is A.
In the resting muscle fibre, tropomyosin partially covers
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Calcium binding sites on troponin
0%
Actin binding sites on myosin
0%
Myosin binding sites on actin
0%
Calcium binding sites on actin
Explanation
When the muscle is at rest, tropomyosin prevents the interactions between thin and thick filaments. Tropomyosin is a double-helical protein that covers the active sites for myosin on the individual actin molecules, thus preventing the actin-myosin interaction necessary for the contraction of muscle.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Striated and voluntary muscles are found in:
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Lungs
0%
Leg muscles
0%
Gall bladder
0%
Blood vessels
Unstriped muscles are found in ____________.
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Neck
0%
Urinary bladder
0%
Arms
0%
Fingers
Explanation
Unstriped muscles are smooth muscles that contract without conscious control arranged in the form of thin layers or sheets.
These are made up of spindle-shaped, unstriated cells with a single nucleus and are found in the walls of the internal organs, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, intestine, and blood vessels (except for the heart).
They are capable of slow rhythmic involuntary contractions.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Cardiac muscles have some characteristics of:
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Skeletal muscles
0%
Smooth muscles
0%
Both A and B
0%
Nerve fibers
Explanation
Correct option: C
Explanation:
Cardiac muscles are striated like in skeletal muscles.
And involuntary like in smooth muscles.
Thus, It have both characteristics of skeletal and smooth muscles. Option C is correct.
The muscles present in our:
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Thigh, are striated and voluntary.
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Upper arm, are smooth muscle fibres, fusiform in shape.
0%
Heart, are involuntary and unstriated.
0%
Intestine, are striated and involuntary.
Explanation
The muscles in the upper arm and shoulder are striated muscles and not smooth muscles. Also, these are triangular in shape.
So, option B is incorrect.
Heart possesses unique muscles, called cardiac muscles, which are involuntary striated muscles. So, option C is incorrect.
The intestinal muscles are involuntary and are smooth muscles. So, option D is incorrect.
The muscles present in the thigh are striated and voluntary.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Striped and branched muscles are found in:
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Iris of eye
0%
Heart
0%
Leg
0%
Brain
Explanation
The heart muscles are called cardiac muscles. Cardiac muscles are involuntary, striated, branched and single nucleated.
Thus, the correct option is B.
Which of the following tissue is multinucleated?
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Cardiac muscle tissue
0%
Skeletal muscle tissue
0%
Smooth muscle tissue
0%
Both A and C
Explanation
Cardiac muscle tissue are found in the wall of the heart. These are uninucleated and lie near the centre. Each fibre is a long and cylindrical structure that has a definite sarcolemma.
Skeletal muscle tissue are found in the limbs, body walls. These are multinucleated. Each muscle fibre is an elongated cell surrounded by a delicate membrane sarcolemma.
Smooth muscle tissue are non-striated muscle. These are uninucleated and surrounded by the cytoplasm. Each fibre is enclosed by the plasma membrane.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Unstriated muscles are found in:
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Veins
0%
Arteries
0%
Uterus
0%
All of the above
Explanation
Smooth muscles are the muscle tissues that contract involuntarily (without conscious control). Unlike skeletal muscles, alternate light and dark bands are not present in smooth muscles. Hence, the term 'unstriated' is used for describing smooth muscles. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of the internal organs (
except for the heart),
such as the stomach, uterus, bladder, intestine, and blood vessels (veins, arteries).
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Which of the following set clearly identifies the striated muscles?
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Cylindrical, multinucleated and unbranched
0%
Spindle-shaped, unbranched and uninucleated
0%
Cylindrical, striped and uninucleated
0%
Cylindrical, striped and branched
Explanation
Striated muscles are skeletal muscles, which appear striated when viewed under the microscope. Their cells are cylindrical, unbranched and are multinucleated (syncytial). These muscles are capable of voluntary, quick, forceful contractions.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A)- 'Cylindrical, multinucleated and unbranched'.
Hypertrophy of muscle is the condition wherein
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Muscles become thin and weak due to excessive work.
0%
Muscles become thick and strong due to excessive work.
0%
Muscles become thin and weak due to no work.
0%
Muscles become thick and strong due to no work.
Explanation
Muscle hypertrophy is a term for the growth and increase of the size of the muscle cells. The most common type of muscular hypertrophy occurs as a result of physical exercise such as weight lifting.
When someone starts exercising, there is an increase in the nerve impulses that cause muscle contraction. This results in strength gains without noticeable change in muscle size.
As one continues to exercise, there is a complex interaction of nervous system responses, that result in an increase in protein synthesis over months and the muscle cells begin to grow larger and stronger.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Cardiac muscle fibres differ from skeletal muscles because these are:
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Involuntary
0%
Striated and voluntary
0%
Non-striated and voluntary
0%
Antagonistic
Explanation
Cardiac muscles have the property of both the striated muscles (skeletal muscle) and unstriated muscles (smooth muscle). C
ardiac muscle is involuntary like smooth muscle and has striations like skeletal muscle.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Different types of muscle tissues include:
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Unstriated and striated
0%
Striated and cardiac
0%
Cardiac and unstriated
0%
Unstriated, striated and cardiac
Explanation
There are three types of muscle tissue - smooth or unstriated, skeletal or striated, and cardiac.
Smooth or unstriated muscles line the walls of internal organs like the stomach, intestine, lungs, etc. They are spindle-shaped involuntary muscles.
Skeletal or striated muscles are
voluntary muscles
attached to the skeleton. They help in the movement of bones and the body.
Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles located in the walls of the heart. They appear striated and are branched.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Myoglobin is found in
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0%
Muscles
0%
Blood
0%
Liver
0%
Spleen
Explanation
Myoglobin is a protein found in the muscle cells of animals. It functions as an oxygen-storage unit, providing oxygen to the working muscles.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Muscles'.
Primary function of enteronephric nephridia of
Pheretima
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Osmoregulation
0%
Excretion of nitrogenous waste
0%
Respiration
0%
Locomotion
Explanation
Primary function of enteronephric nephridia of pheretima is excretion of nitrogenous waste. Nephridia is an excretory organ which is analogous to kidney of vertebrate. Nephridia are porous,long,thin and coiled tube.
Hence, the correct option is '
Excretion of nitrogenous waste'.
While doing work and running, you move your organs like hands, legs etc. Which among the following is correct?
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Smooth muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones.
0%
Smooth muscles contract and pull the tendons to move the bones.
0%
Skeletal muscles contract and pull the ligament to move the bones.
0%
Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones.
Explanation
Smooth muscles are located in the visceral organs of the body. For example, urinary bladder, uterus, respiratory tract, etc.
These muscles are not connected to bones and do not function in movements like walking and running.
In contrast, skeletal muscles attach directly to the skeleton which synchronizes the movement of muscles with bones.
These skeletal muscles are attached to bones with a tough, flexible band of fibrous connective tissue called tendon.
When the skeletal muscles contract, it pulls the tendon attached to the bone, aiding to the movement of bones.
Thus, the correct answer is option D - '
Skeletal muscles contract and pull the tendon to move the bones.'
Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of -
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Frog
0%
Man
0%
Earthworm
0%
Cockroach
Explanation
Answer:
(D) Cockroach.
Explanation:
Those animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in
form of pallets
in order to
minimize water loss
are called
uricotelic animals
.
A cockroach is a
uricotelic insect
.
Hence,
uric acid
is the
chief nitrogenous component
of the
excretory products of cockroaches
.
In which one of the following organisms the excretory organs are correctly stated?
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Humans- Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands
0%
Earthworm- Pharyngeal integumentary and septal nephridia
0%
Cockroach- Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
0%
Frog- Kidneys skin and buccal epithelium
Explanation
Nephridia is a
tubule open to the exterior which acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation
of earthworm. They are of three types, namely, septal, integumentary and pharyngeal. A septal nephridium consists of nephrostome or ciliated funnel that drains coelom. Integumentary nephridia lie scattered in the body wall of each segment, except the first two. Pharyngeal nephridia are located on either side of pharynx and oesophagus in segments 4-6.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Shivering, when in cold water is caused by
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Voluntary action of striated muscles
0%
Voluntary action of unstriated muscles
0%
Involuntary action of striated muscles
0%
Involuntary action of unstriated muscles
Explanation
The muscles are capable of utilizing only about 20% to 40% of energy in their mechanical work, liberated from glucose. The unutilized energy is lost as 'heat' dissipated into the environment. This heat helps in maintenance of body temperature.
Shivering with colds in winters is caused by a quick involuntary reaction of striated muscles. It yields some heat just to warm the body.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
The unit of photo reception, in a compound eye of cockroach and other insects, is
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0%
Ctenidium
0%
Osphradium
0%
Ommatidium
0%
Rhabdom
Explanation
Arthropod eyes are made up of repeating units of the ommatidia
, each of which functions as a separate visual receptor. It
contains a cluster of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Earthworms are -
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Ureotelic when plenty of water is available
0%
Uricotelic when plenty of water is available
0%
Uricotelic under conditions of water scarcity
0%
Ammonotelic when plenty of water is available.
Explanation
Correct Answer:
D
Explanation:
Ammonotelic organisms are the organisms that excrete nitrogenous waste substances in the form of ammonia.
A ureotelic organism excretes excess nitrogen as urea.
Earthworm is both ureotelic and ammonotelic.
It excretes waste in the form of urea when present in soil because of less water available in the soil.
It turns ammonotelic when it is present in aquatic habitat as there is plenty of water so it can easily dissolve in water.
Which of the following muscles act involuntarily?
(i) Smooth muscles
(ii) Cardiac muscles
(iii) Skeletal muslces
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0%
(i) and (ii)
0%
(ii) and (iii)
0%
(iii) and (i)
0%
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Explanation
Smooth muscles are located in visceral organs of the body. For example, urinary bladder, uterus, respiratory tract, etc. They are involuntary muscles. Similarly, Cardiac muscles are present in heart and help in rhythmic contraction and relaxation of auricles and ventricles. This movement of the heart cannot be controlled by the human body, thus are termed as involuntary movements.
In contrast, skeletal muscles are attached to bones which function in bodily movements like, walking, running, etc. These are voluntary movements since they are in direct control of an individual.
Hence the correct option is A.
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Practice Class 11 Medical Biology Quiz Questions and Answers
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