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CBSE Questions for Class 11 Medical Biology Transport In Plants Quiz 1 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 11 Medical Biology
Transport In Plants
Quiz 1
Lenticles are involved in
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Photosynthesis.
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Transpiration.
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Gaseous exchange.
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Food transport.
Explanation
Lenticels are involved in gaseous exchange between internal tissues and atmosphere. These are porous tissues present in periderm that are developed during secondary growth.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Swelling in wooden block placed in water is due to
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Endosmosis
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Capillarity
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Absorption
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Imbibition
Explanation
Imbibition is the adsorption of water by the solid and dry surface. Living tissues are not required for imbibition. For example, seed germination and swelling of wood on exposure to moisture. If a wooden block is placed in water it will imbibe water and swell.
Which of the following statement is correct?
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Osmotic pressure of solution is greater than pure solvent.
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Osmotic pressure of solution is lower than the pure water.
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Osmotic pressure of solution is equal.
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None of the above
Explanation
Osmotic pressure develops due to addition of solute particles. As a solution is expected to have more solute particles as compared to a pure solvent. The solution will always have more osmotic pressure than pure solvent.
Process of osmosis shall cease when
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Solution become isotonic
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Water concentration becomes equal
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There is no light
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The level of water falls
Explanation
Osmosis is a passive process. It does not requires energy. It is defined as movement of water or solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane along the concentration gradient. If the concentration of solutions on both the sides of semipermeable membrane is same i.e., solutions are isotonic, there is no driving force for osmosis and osmosis shall cease.
Hydathodes are also called
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Water stomata
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Sunken stomata
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Guard cell
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Subsidiary cell
Explanation
Hydathodes are also called water stomata through which guttation occurs. The term stomata is a misnomer, because stomata is an opening, which can be regulated but the opening in hydathodes cannot be regulated. Hydathodes are the modified pores at the margin or tip of the leaves.
What does a plant cell show if placed in sea water?
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Plasmolysis
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Reverse osmosis
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Deplasmolysis
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Diffusion
Explanation
The seawater is hypertonic to cell sap because of the higher concentration of dissolved solutes.
Thus, water will move out of the cells towards the surrounding solution i.e. from high water potential to low water potential.
This leads to the shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium. This is known as plasmolysis.
Hence, if we place a plant cell in seawater it will undergo plasmolysis.
Guttation is the result of
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Diffusion
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Transpiration
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Osmosis
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Root pressure
Explanation
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Guttation is the exudation of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants, such as grasses.
The process of guttation occurs when the roots of a plant absorb water from the soil.
This creates a pressure inside the plant- root pressure , and the water is forced out through the hydathodes
. As this process occurs, the water picks up chemicals and is no longer simply water; it's called xylem sap.
The process responsible for facilitating loss of water in liquid form the tip of grass blades at night and in early morning is
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Root pressure
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Imbibition
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Plasmolysis
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Transpiration
Explanation
Root pressure results in loss of water in the form of liquid in herbaceous plants like grasses during night and early mornings of the winter as the rate of transpiration is low, while the amount of water absorbed by the roots is greater.
So, the correct answer is '
Root pressure'.
Transpiration and root pressure cause water to rise in plants by
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Pushing it upward
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Pushing and pulling it respectively
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Pulling it upward
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Pulling and pushing it respectively
Explanation
The physiology of water uptake and transport is not so complex. The main driving force of water uptake and transport into a plant is transpiration of water from stomata present in the leaves.
Transpiration is the process of water evaporation through specialized openings in the leaves, called stomata. The evaporation creates a negative water vapor pressure, developed in the surrounding cells of the leaf.
Once this happens, water is pulled into the leaf from the vascular tissue, the xylem, to replace the water that has transpired from the leaf.
This pulling of water, or tension, that occurs in the xylem of the leaf, will extend all the way down through the rest of the xylem column of the tree and into the xylem of the roots due to the cohesive forces holding together the water molecules along the sides of the xylem tubing. (Remember, the xylem is a continuous water column that extends from the leaf to the roots.) Finally, the negative water pressure that occurs in the roots will result in an increase of water uptake from the soil.
Now if transpiration from the leaf decreases, as usually occurs at night or during cloudy weather, the drop in water pressure in the leaf will not be as great, and so there will be a lower demand for water (less tension) placed on the xylem.
The loss of water from a leaf (negative water pressure, or a vacuum) is comparable to placing suction to the end of a straw. If the vacuum or suction thus created is great enough, water will rise up through the straw. If you had a very large diameter straw, you would need more suction to lift the water.
Likewise, if you had a very narrow straw, less suction would be required. This correlation occurs as a result of the cohesive nature of water along the sides of the straw (the sides of the xylem).
Because of the narrow diameter of the xylem tubing, the degree of water tension, (vacuum) required to drive water up through the xylem can be easily attained through normal transpiration rates that often occur in leaves.
Water vapour comes out from the plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening, carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out of the above statements using one of the following options.
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Both processes can not happen simultaneously.
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Both processes can happen together because the diffusion coefficient of water and $$CO_2$$ is different.
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The above processes can only happen during night time.
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One process happen during day time and other at night.
Explanation
When a plant is transpiring, its stomata are open, allowing gas exchange between the atmosphere and the leaf. Open stomata
allow water vapor to leave the leaf but also allow carbon dioxide (CO$$_2$$
) to enter. Carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis to operate. Mu
ch more water leaves the leaf than CO$$_2$$ enters for three reasons:
1. H$$_2$$O molecules are smaller than CO$$_2$$ molecules and so they move to their destination faster.
2. CO$$_2$$
is only about 0.036% of the atmosphere so the gradient for its entry into the plant is much smaller than the gradient for
H$$_2$$O moving from a hydrated leaf into a dry atmosphere.
3. CO$$_2$$ has a much longer distance to travel to reach its destination in the chloroplast from the atmosphere compared to H$$_2$$O which only has to
move from the leaf cell surface to the atmosphere.
The process of the escape of liquid from the tip of uninjured leaf is called as
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Evaporation
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Transpiration
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Guttation
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None of the above
Explanation
Guttation is
loss
of water in liquid form as a dilute solution from uninjured leaf tips. The uninjured leaf tips have hydathodes or water stomata. Under conditions of low transpiration dilute solution of minerals oozes out through them under the influence of increased root pressure.
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Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
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Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
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Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
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Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Explanation
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure which develops in an osmotic system due to osmotic entry or exit of water from it. Loss of water produces a negative hydrostatic pressure or tension. It develops in xylem due to loss of water in transpiration. This is very important in transport of sap over long distances in plants. A positive pressure develops in a plant cell or system due to entry of water into it. Positive hydrostatic pressure is also called turgor pressure. Due to turgor pressure the protoplast of a plant cell wall press the cell wall to the outside. The cell wall, being elastic, presses the protoplast with an equal and opposite force. The force exerted by the cell wall over the protoplast is called wall pressure (WP). Normally wall pressure is equal and opposite o turgor pressure except when the cell becomes flaccid.
In the process of osmosis in the cell __________________.
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Both cell wall and protoplasm will act as a membrane
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Entire protoplast act as a membrane
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Only outermost layer of protoplasm act as a membrane
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Only cell wall act as a membrane
Explanation
In the process of osmosis in the cell, outer layer of cell i.e., plasma membrane acts as semipermeable membrane.
So the correct option is C.
What is correct about the movement of substance across the membrane in facilitated diffusion?
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It is an active transport.
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It doesn't cause transport of molecules from lower concentration to higher
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it does not require a carrier protein
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It works against concentration gradient
Explanation
In facilitated diffusion, special proteins help move substances across membranes along the concentration gradient without expenditure of ATP energy. Facilitated diffusion is very specific, it allows cell to select substances for uptake. It is sensitive to inhibitors which react with protein side chains.
In rainy season, the doors get wet due to
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Imbibition
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Absorption
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Diffusion
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Endosmosis
Explanation
Imbibition is a physical process of adsorption of water on the surface of the adsorbent material. During the rainy season the concentration of water vapor is more in the air and if the doors are not properly protected by paints and/or varnish the wood in them will imbibe water from water vapors present in the air.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Which one of the following is not related to guttation?
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Water is given out in the form of droplets
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Water given out is impure
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Water is given out early morning
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Guttation is of universal occurrence
Explanation
Guttation is the loss of water in a dilute solution form which consists salts and minerals and waters when transpiration is low. Guttation is not shown by all the plants and is especially common in humid tropics. It occurs in the absence of light or at night and thus present at the tip of leaves in early morning. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
In the process of plasmolysis
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Endosmosis occurs
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Exosmosis occurs
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Imbibition occurs
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Diffusion occurs
Explanation
Plasmolysis occurs due to shrinkage of protoplasm when a plant cell is kept in a hypertonic medium. In a hypertonic medium, water flows out from a cell to the surrounding medium is called as exosmosis leading to plasmolysis. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following is not a controlled process?
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Transpiration
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Guttation
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Both A and B
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None of the above
Explanation
Transpiration is the loss of water through stomata in vapour form. Transpiration is regulated through guard cells. Guttation is the loss of water in liquid form through hydathodes. Hydathodes are free ends of vascular supply of leaves. Hydathodes are always open and not regulated by any cells.
So, the correct answer is '
Guttation'
Solute potential of a solution is always
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$$=0$$
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> 0
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< 0
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Between 0 to 1
Explanation
Solute potential of a solution is always negative. It's magnitude depends on the concentration of solute particles in the solution.
Due to plasmoysis, the plant cell
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Bursts
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Swells up
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Become turgid
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Become flaccid
Explanation
The cell will burst, swell or become turgid when endosmosis occurs i.e., water enters the cell. In case exosmosis occurs water moves from inside the cell to surrounding solution and the plant cell becomes flaccid. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The $$\Psi w$$ of pure water is
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Minimum
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Less than DPD
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Maximum
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Variable
Explanation
Water potential depends on the number of water molecules in the solution. More the number of water molecules, more the water potential. Water potential of pure water is maximum. By convention the water potential of pure water is fixed as zero. Water potential of all solutions is hence negative.
Product of sexual reproduction generally generates :
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Longer viability of seeds
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Prolonged dormancy
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New genetic combination leading to variation
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Large biomass
Explanation
Sexual reproduction leads to new genetic combination leading to variation as it involves mixing of gametes
to two different parents which are produced (gametes) by meiosis
Apoplast movement of water occurs
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Through cell wall
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Through plasma membrane
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Through cytoplasm
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Through middle lamella only
Explanation
Apoplast comprises of non living components ie intercellular spaces and cell wall. Symplast comprises of living components i.e., protoplasm, cell membrane and plasmodesmata. Fast movement of water due to physical forces occurs through apoplast. The movement through apoplast is fast but unregulated.
Guttation is common among the plants of $$..........$$ climate.
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Hot and wet
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Hot and windy
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Cold and humid
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Cold and windy
Explanation
The exudation of xylem sap at the edges or tips of the leaves of some vascular plants, like grasses is called guttation. Unlike transpiration, it takes place only in certain conditions like cool and highly humid atmosphere. It is because plants can absorb up a limited amount of water. The excess water is secreted from the roots through the xylem and out through the hydathodes or water glands.
What are the types of osmosis?
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Endosmosis
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Exosmosis
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Both A and B
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None of these
Explanation
Osmosis is regulated by the inflow and outflow of water molecules from the cell or body through a semipermeable membrane. Endosmosis is the inflow of water or solvent whereas, exosmosis is the outflow of water or solvent from the cell through a semipermeable membrane.
The movement of soluble products through the vascular tissue of plants is called:
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Transpiration
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Translocation
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Transcription
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Transduction
Explanation
The movement of soluble products through the vascular tissue is called translocation. Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour, through the stomata. Transcription is the process of the synthesis of RNA from DNA. Transduction is the process of the exchange of genetic material in bacteria through viruses.
Which of the following is not a type of transpiration?
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Stomatal transpiration
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Cuticular transpiration
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Lenticular transpiration
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Endodermal transpiration
Explanation
Stomatal transpiration occurs through stomata and lenticular transpiration occurs through lenticels. Cuticular transpiration is loss of water through cuticle layer. Endodermis layer is the inner layer, that limits the cortex. No transpiration occurs through endodermis.
The shrinking of protoplasm in
a plant cell, is called as
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Plasmolysis
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Deplasmolysis
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Flaccidity
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Turgidity
Explanation
Plasmolysis in a plant cell is defined as the process of shrinkage of the protoplasm as a result of loss of water from the cell. It occurs when plant cells are placed in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell does. In this, plant cell is kept in hypertonic solution. When cell is placed in hypotonic solution, it is called as turgidity. If
plant cell is kept in an isotonic solution so that it is neither turgid nor plasmolyzed, it is called as flaccidity.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
The presence of fluid on the edges of leaves in early morning is due to
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Transpiration
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Guttation
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Exudation of water
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Condensation of moisture
Explanation
Guttation is the excretion of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants through hydathode, such as grasses. It occurs in the absence of light i.e., at night and thus it is present on the edge of leaves in the early morning.
So, the correct answer is option B.
When water moves through a semipermeable membrane, which of the following is created?
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OP
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SP
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TP
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WP
Explanation
Osmotic pressure of a solution is equivalent to the pressure, which must be exerted upon it to prevent the flow of solvent into it across a semipermeable membrane.
The process in plants that releases water into the atmosphere is known as
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Run-off.
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Condensation.
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Precipitation.
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Evaporation.
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Transpiration.
Explanation
The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant into the atmosphere is called as transpiration. Thus option E is the correct answer.
Guttation occurs by
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Stomata.
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Lenticels.
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Hydathodes.
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Wounds.
Explanation
Guttation is the loss of water in liquid form as a dilute solution from the leaf tips. The uninjured leaf tips have hydathodes or water stomata. Under conditions of low transpiration dilute solution of minerals oozes out through them under the influence of increased root pressure.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Osmosis is the movement of substances which takes place along the gradient.
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True
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False
Explanation
Osmosis is the movement of the molecule from higher concentration to lower concentration along a gradient through a semi-permeable membrane.
So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Water potential of a solution is depicted by
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$$ \psi_p $$
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$$ \psi_w $$
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$$ \psi_x $$
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$$ \triangle \psi $$
Explanation
Water potential of a cell is the measure of the tendency of water to move inside or outside of the cell. It is represented by $$ \psi_w $$.
So, the correct answer is '$$ \psi_w $$'.
The process responsible for the movement of water molecules in a solution having different concentrations of solute is
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Facilitated transport
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Osmosis
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Phagocytosis
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Active transport
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Exocytosis
Explanation
Osmosis is the process of movement of solvent from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
Facilitated transport is movement of molecules across the membrane along their concentration gradient with the help of carrier proteins.
Active transport is the movement of molecules across the membrane against their concentration gradient with the utilisation of energy.
Exocytosis is the process when substances are released out of the cell when the vacuole fuses with the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis is the ingestion of materials by the action of pseudopodia.
So the correct answer is 'Osmosis'.
Swelling of wooden frames during rains is caused by
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Endomosis
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Imbibition
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Capillarity
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Osmosis
Explanation
Swelling of wooden frames during rains is caused by the process of imbibition. The process of adsorption of water by solid particles of a substance without forming a solution is called imbibition. The water potential gradient between the absorbent ( wooden frame) and the liquid imbibed (water) is essential for imbibition.
So, the correct answer is option B.
By which of the following mechanisms is glucose reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the kidney tubule?
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Osmosis
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Diffusion
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Active transport
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All of the above
Explanation
The glomerular filtrate after ultrafiltration enters the proximal convulated tubule (PCT). About 65% of the glomerular filtrate is normally reabsorbed in PCT before it reaches the loop of Henle. These include glucose, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, sodium, potassium, chlorides, bicarbonates, most of the water and some urea. Out of these,
• Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+$$ are reabsorbed through the active transport.
• Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed through secondary active transport using a co-transporter with sodium.
• Reabsorption of water takes place through osmosis.
• Cl$$^-$$, urea and other solutes are reabsorbed through simple diffusion.
So, the correct answer is 'Active transport'.
Stomata perform the function of
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Gaseous exchange
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Oxygen evolution
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Carbon dioxide evolution
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$$CO_2$$ absorption.
Explanation
The stomata control gas exchange in the leaf. Each stoma can be open or closed, depending on how turgid its guard cells are.
In the light, the guard cells absorb water by osmosis, become turgid and the stoma opens.
In the dark, the guard cells lose water, become flaccid and the stoma closes.
So, the correct answer is '
Gaseous exchange'.
The movement of water molecules into and out of the cells takes place by:
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Carrier proteins
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Symport systems
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Ion channels
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Osmosis
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Active transport
Explanation
The movement of water molecules in and out of the cell is guided by osmosis.
It often doesn't need special carrier proteins or ion channels. The movement is along the concentration gradient so it is not active transport.
Symport systems are a special kind of water pathways in plants.
So the correct answer is 'Osmosis'.
Adding solute to pure water will cause development of
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Positive water potential
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More positive water potential
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More negative water potential
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Negative water potential
Explanation
Water potential of pure water is zero. Adding solute to pure water will lead to increase the solute potential and further leads to the development of negative water potential because the number of water molecules decreases and the dissolved solute lowers the free energy of water. Water potential is sum of solute potential and pressure potential. Solute potential is a negative value and pressure potential is a positive value.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Guttation is the process of elimination of water from plants through
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Stomata
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Hydathodes
0%
Lenticels
0%
Wounds
Explanation
Guttation is the process of loss of impure water (a dilute solution of different organic and inorganic substances) from the plant (mostly from margins of leaves). It occurs when transpiration rate is very low as compared to the rate of water absorption. Due to this root pressure is developed and water is pushed out through specialized pores at vein endings called hydathodes. Each hydathode is made up of a group of loosely arranged achlorophyllous or colorless and parenchymatous cells called epithem.
So, the correct answer is option B.
In plasmolysis, a plant cell
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Swells up
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Bursts
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Becomes flaccid
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Becomes turgid
Explanation
Plasmolysis is the shrinking of the protoplasm as a result of water loss from osmosis when a cell comes in contact with a hypertonic solution. Plant cells kept in hypertonic solution will start losing water by the process of exosmosis as there is lesser concentration of solvent molecules than the fluid inside the cell so the solvent molecules are forced outside the cell from the region of higher concentration to the lower concentration. The cell turns flaccid. On further loss of water, the protoplasm shrinks and moves away from the cell wall and the cell gets plasmolysed.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called imbibition.
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True
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False
Explanation
Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis. Osmosis is the process of diffusion of molecules from the region of higher concentration to the lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
The process of adsorption of water by solid particles of a substance without forming a solution is called imbibition. The water potential gradient between the absorbent and the liquid imbibed is essential for imbibition.
Osmosis is defined as
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Flow of solvent (water) through a semipermeable membrane from less concentration solution to more concentrated solution.
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Flow of solute from a semipermeable membrane.
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Flow of water without a membrane.
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None of the above
Explanation
Osmosis is the process of movement of molecules from the region of higher concentration of solvent or lower concentration of solute to the lower concentration of solvent or higher concentration of solute through a semipermeable membrane. On absorption of water the turgor pressure inside the cells increases. It helps to maintain the shape of the cell. It helps in the growth, development, mechanical support and prevents wilting.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Hydathodes occur on
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Stem
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Leaves
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Roots
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All the above
Explanation
Hydathodes are small pores present on the margin of the leaf.
Each hydathode is made up of a group of loosely arranged achlorophyllous or colorless and parenchymatous cells called epithem. These cells help in absorbing a good percentage of inorganic and organic solutes present in the exudate.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Simultaneous movement of two molecules across a membrane in the same direction is known as
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Antiport
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Uniport
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Symport
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None of the above
Explanation
Antiport is the movement of two molecules in opposite direction.
Uniport is the movement of only one molecule in a particular direction while the symport is the simultaneous movement of two molecules in the same direction.
Thus, the correct option is C.
Osmosis involves
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Diffusion of suspended particles from higher to lower concentration.
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Diffusion of suspended particles from lower to higher concentration.
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Diffusion of water from more to less concentrated side.
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Diffusion of water from less to more concentrated side.
Explanation
Osmosis is the process of movement of molecules from the region of higher concentration of solvent or lower concentration of solute to the lower concentration of solvent or higher concentration of solute through a semipermeable membrane. On absorption of water the turgor pressure inside the cells increases. It helps to maintain the shape of the cell. It helps in the growth, development, mechanical support and prevents wilting.
So, the correct answer is option D.
In root apoplast path of water transport; the water is transported through
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Cell wall only
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Cell wall and inter cellular spaces
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Intercellular spaces
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Intercellular spaces, cell walls and endodermis.
Explanation
The water transport in the apoplastic pathway is through the cell membrane and the intercellular spaces. Water and solutes can pass freely through them.
This happens when water cannot enter the cells due to the presence of Caspian strips.
So the correct answer is ' Cell wall and intercellular spaces'.
Correct pathway of water movement in plant roots is
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Soil water $$\longrightarrow$$ Root hair cell $$\longrightarrow$$ Passage cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Cortical cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Xylem $$\longrightarrow$$ Pericycle
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Soil water $$\longrightarrow$$ Root hair cell $$\longrightarrow$$ Pericycle $$\longrightarrow$$ Cortical cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Passage cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Xylem
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Soil water $$\longrightarrow$$ Root hair cell $$\longrightarrow$$ Cortical cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Passage cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Pericycle$$\longrightarrow$$ Xylem
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Soil water $$\longrightarrow$$ Root hair cell $$\longrightarrow$$ Cortical cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Pericycle $$\longrightarrow$$ Passage cells $$\longrightarrow$$ Xylem
Explanation
Water will be absorbed by root hairs when the external medium is hypotonic. This kind of absorption takes place passively. The water can easily move from the region of higher concentration to the low concentration without expenditure of energy by facilitated diffusion through the aquaporins. Water is absorbed by the root hair from the soil. It passes the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, casparian strip and pericycle and protoxylem and metaxylem.
So, the correct answer is option C.
The initial stage of water absorption by root cells is:
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Absorption
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Diffusion
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Osmosis
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Imbibition
Explanation
Answer is option D i.e. "Imbibition
The water molecules in the soil are attracted towards the root cells, as a result the water molecules get adsorbed onto the surface of dry root cells. The adsorption process in living cells is called as Imbibition phenomenon. This is followed by second step which is absorption where water molecules cross the cell membrane to reach the cytoplasm.
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