Explanation
Aspartame is an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages.
In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide. It is almost 100 times sweeter than sugar.
Hence, option C is correct.
Ampicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is part of the aminopenicillin family.
Lansoprazole and Omeprazole are proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), which inhibit the stomach's production of gastric acids, hence acting as antacids.
Hence, option D is correct.
Substrates bind to the active site of the enzyme through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonding, temporary covalent interactions (Van der Waals') or a combination of all of these to form the enzyme-substrate complex.
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule, which binds to enzymes and decreases their activity. Since blocking an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors. Drugs can attack both the active as well as the allosteric sites of an enzyme by binding to these sites and decreasing the catalytic activity of the enzymes.
An agonist is a chemical that binds to some receptor of a cell and triggers a response by that cell. Agonists often mimic the action of a naturally occurring substance.
Whereas an agonist causes an action, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist and an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. So agonist drugs copy the action of the chemical messengers thereby substituting them.
Reserpine is used to treat high blood pressure. It is also used to treat severe agitation in patients with mental disorders. Reserpine is in a class of medications called rauwolfia alkaloids. It works by slowing down the activity of the nervous system, causing the heartbeat to slow down and the blood vessels to relax.
Cetrimonium bromide $$((C_{16}H_{33})N(CH_{3})_3Br)$$, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.
The cetrimonium (or hexadecyltrimethylammonium) cation is an effective antiseptic agent against bacteria and fungi.
It is a cationic surfactant. Its uses include providing a buffer solution for the extraction of DNA.
Cimetidine is a histamine $$H_2$$-receptor antagonist, that inhibits stomach acid production. It is largely used in the treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers. So it acts as an antihistamine.
Gammexane is hexachlorocyclohexane.
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