CBSE Questions for Class 12 Engineering Chemistry Chemistry In Everyday Life Quiz 8 - MCQExams.com

 Surfactants are surface-active agents that aggregate the interface between two materials. This occurs because of their dual nature: hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Its a substance which tends to decrement the surface tension of a liquid in which its dissolved in it.

In the first account of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with the hydrazine deri- vatives of isonicotinic acid .

 Hydrazine is used in treatment of tuberculosis, lymph cancer etc.

It is obtained from sulphur compounds of benzene.

Benzene is a raw material for dyes and synthetic detergents, and benzene and toluene for isocyanates MDI and TDI used in making polyurethanes. Manufacturers use xylenes to produce plastics and synthetic fibers. Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol.

Antihistamines are commonly used for:

• Inflammation of the nose and eyes Sneezing. 
  
• Vasodilation-the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure
• Itching of the eyes, nose and throat. 
  
• Runny nose 
  
• To reduce the severity of the rash and itching associated with nettle-type rashes. 
  
• To help with the rash and itching following insect stings or bites. 
  
• To prevent motion sickness and other causes of feeling sick (nausea). Occasionally to treat severe morning sickness is pregnency. 
  
• In the care of the terminally ill, for their sedating and antisickness effects. In the emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions.
  

Antihistamine interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.

• Sugar substitutes are substances that are used in place of sweeteners with sugar (sucrose) or sugar alcohols. They may also be called artificial sweeteners.
  
• Natural sweeteners add to calorie intake and therefore many people prefer to use artificial sweeteners.
  
• Aspartame is the most successful and widely used artificial sweetener. It is roughly 100 times as sweet as cane sugar. It is methyl ester of dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Use of aspartame is limited to cold foods and soft drinks because it is unstable at cooking temperature.

• Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Iodoform is used as an antiseptic for wounds.
  
• Alitame is high potency Artificial sweetener, the control of sweetness of food is difficult while using it.
• Prontosil, also called sulfamidochrysoidine, trade name of the first synthetic drug used in the treatment of general bacterial infections in humans.It is an Antibacterial agent.
  
• Antihistamines interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.Synthetic drugs, brompheniramine (Dimetapp) and terfenadine (Seldane), act as antihistamines.

Ascorbic acid : scurvy

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin C in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra ascorbic acid. Low levels of vitamin C can result in a condition called scurvy.

Retinol : night blindness

Retinol, also known as Vitamin A₁, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency, especially that which results in night blindness

Riboflavin : cracked lips

Riboflavin, or vitamin B-2, occurs in all of the food groups, but deficiencies can develop and result in symptoms that affect your mouth, eyes and skin.

Thiamine: beri-beri

Thiamine deficiency, or beriberi, refers to the lack of thiamine pyrophosphate, the active form of the vitamin known as thiamine (also spelled thiamin), or vitamin B-1.