Explanation
Some properties of catalysts are:
1. A catalyst improves the speed of a reaction.
2. A catalyst takes part in the reaction even though it will not be consumed or used up in the course of the reaction.
3. A catalyst makes the reaction faster by giving an alternative path with lower activation energy.
4. In a reversible reaction, a catalyst accelerates the reaction in both directions. Therefore, the inclusion of a catalyst will not change the equilibrium point.
Thus the only the third statement is true.
The correct option is C.
The amount of gas adsorbed by a solid depends on the nature of the gas. In general, easily liquefiable gases having higher critical temperatures are easily adsorbed because they have strong van der Waal's forces.
The increasing order of critical temperature is $$NH_3>CO_2>CH_4>H_2$$
The volume of gases $$H_2, CH_4, CO_2, NH_3$$ adsorbed by 1g of charcoal at 288K are in the order: $$NH_3>CO_2>CH_4>H_2$$.
Hence option D is correct.
Hint: Those reactions in which the catalyst exists in the same phase as reactants is called homogeneous catalysis.
Step 1: Ostwald’s Process:
In Ostwald’s process ammonia gas reacts with oxygen in the presence of platinum as a catalyst to produce nitric acid. Ammonia and oxygen both reactants are present in the gaseous phase but platinum is present in the solid phase. Thus the reactants and catalysts are present in different phases so it is an example of heterogeneous catalysis
Step 2: Lead chamber process :
In the Lead chamber process sulfuric acid is produced by oxidizing sulfur dioxide with moist air in the presence of nitrogen oxide as a catalyst. So here $$SO_2$$ is present in the gaseous phase and $$NO$$ is also present in the gas phase. Thus the reactants and catalysts are present in the same phase so it is an example of homogeneous catalysis
Step 3: Haber's process :
In Haber’s process nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas in the presence of iron as a catalyst to produce ammonia. So here nitrogen and hydrogen both reactants are present in the gaseous phase but iron is present in the solid phase. Thus the reactants and catalysts are present in different phases so it is an example of heterogeneous catalysis.
Step 4: Contact process
In the Contact process, $$H_2SO_4$$ acid is produced by the reaction of sulphur dioxide in the presence of $$V_2O_5$$ as the catalyst. So here Sulphur dioxide is present in the gaseous phase and $$V_2O_5$$ is present in the solid phase. Thus the reactants and catalysts are present in different phases so it is an example of heterogeneous catalysis.
Final Step: Correct option is (B)-Lead Chamber process.
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