Explanation
Hint:
The process used for manufacturing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is termed Haber’s process.
Explanation:
Part 1:
The chemical reaction involved in this process is $$N_2\left ( g \right )+3H_2\left ( g \right )\rightleftharpoons 2NH_3\left ( g \right )+\Delta H$$
Here, $$\Delta H=-92.4 \dfrac{kJ}{mol}$$
Part 2:
The important conditions necessary for this process are
The volume of gasses of nitrogen and hydrogen should maintain $$1:3$$ ratio.
The temperature and pressure should be above $$723K$$ and $$200 atm$$ respectively.
Iron is used as a catalyst and molybdenum as a promoter.
Final answer:
The negative sign of enthalpy in the chemical reaction signifies that the heat is released.
Therefore the correct answer is option B i.e., Haber’s process is an exothermic process.
Molecules of noble gas does not possess vibrational energy because noble gases are monoatomic. So, there is no other atom in respect of which it can vibrate. So they do not vibrate. Hence they do not posses vibrational energies.
Hence option A is correct.
On April 20, 1902, Marie and Pierre Curie successfully isolate radioactive radium salts from the mineral pitchblende in their laboratory in Paris. In 1898, the Curies discovered the existence of the elements radium and polonium in their research of pitch blende.
Noble gases are sparingly soluble in water. The solubility of noble gases in water increases as the size of noble gases increases. Noble gas is soluble in water due to dipole induced dipole interaction(forces). As the size of noble gas increases, it can be polarized easily by water molecules and distort the electron cloud. Due to this reason the solubility of inert gases in water increases as the size increases from $$He$$ to $$Rn$$.
So in the given noble gases, Krypton is most soluble in water at $$293\ K$$.
Hence option $$D$$ is correct.
Traces of krypton are found in various minerals, the most important source of Krypton is Earth's atmosphere. Air is also the source for the other noble gases, with the exception of helium which obtained from natural gas and radon which is obtained as a byproduct of the decay of radioactive elements
So Krypton is not obtained during radioactive disintegration. It is radon formed during radioactive disintegration.
Hence option $$B$$ is correct.
The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released or spent when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion.
Electron affinity of an elements depends on certain factor like
Number of protons and size of atom: Halogens are smaller atom compared to other elements in same horizontal lines in the modern Periodic table.
As fluorine sits atop chlorine in the periodic table, most people expect it to have the highest electron affinity, but this is not the case. Fluorine is a small atom with a small amount of space available in its 2p orbital. Because of this, any new electron trying to attach to fluorine experiences lower electron affinity from the electrons already living in the element's 2p orbital. Since chlorine's outermost orbital is a 3p orbital, there is more space, and the electrons in this orbital are inclined to share this space with an extra electron. Therefore, chlorine has a higher electron affinity than fluorine, and this orbital structure causes it to have the highest electron affinity of all of the elements.
This reaction is
(a) reversible,
(b) exothermic, and
(c) proceeds with a decrease in volume.
According to the Le Chatelier's principle, the favorable conditions for the formation of ammonia are,
The temperature should be remain as low as possible, (although at unusually low temperatures, the rate of reaction becomes slow). It has been found that the temperature, which optimizes the yield of ammonia for the reaction, is maximum at about 500°C.
Since Haber's process proceeds with a decrease in volume, it is favored by high pressure. In actual practice, a pressure of 200 - 900 atmospheres is employed.
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