Explanation
The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in civil and criminal cases. It can hear appeals against the decisions of the High Courts.
The powers and the independence of the Indian judiciary allow it to act as the guardian of the Fundamental Rights.
The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is usually appointed the Chief Justice.
All the courts at different levels in a country put together are called the judiciary. The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the states, District Courts and the courts at local level.
The Supreme Court of India has also ruled that the core or basic principles of the Constitution cannot be changed by the Parliament.
The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950. It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system.
Every Judge of the Supreme Court is appointed by the President after consultation with the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts besides the Council of Ministers.
Every person appointed to be a Judge of a High Court shall, before he enters upon his office, make and subscribe before the Governor of the State, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.
The Supreme Court of India is the final authority to see to it that the division of powers as specified in the constitution is obeyed by both the Union and the State governments. So, Article 131 of the Indian Constitution vests the Supreme Court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to determine the justiciable disputes between the Union and the States or between the States.
A Judge of High Court holds the office until he completes the age of 62 years. Neither an additional or an acting judge can hold office beyond the age of 62 years.
B. Fundamental Rights.
Any citizen whose rights are violated may move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the rights. The Supreme Court has the power to issue orders or writs, in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights.
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