CBSE Questions for Class 12 Commerce Legal Studies Judiciary Quiz 3 - MCQExams.com

The Supreme Court in India has to work according to The Provisions of the Constitution. Article 137 of the Constitution of India lays down provision for power of the Supreme Court to review its own judgments. As per this Article, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under Article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.

• Integrated Judiciary system - The Constitution establishes a single integrated judicial system for the whole of India. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the country and below it are the High Courts at the state level.
  
• Independent Judiciary system - The Constitution of India makes judiciary truly independent. It provides for appointment of judges by the President, high qualification for appointment of judges, removal of judges by a difficult method of impeachment.
  

Final interpreter & guardian of Indian Constitution is the Supreme Court. It is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It consists of the Chief Justice of India and 33 other judges; it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

• Executive violates
• Legislature violates
• An individual violates

The Supreme Court has a very high appellate jurisdiction; it is the highest court of appeal. It can settle disputes between state and central governments, between two states and between citizens and state. But it cannot solve disputes between two countries.

Each High Court consists of a Chief Justice and such other judges as the President of India may appoint from time to time. Besides, the President has the power to appoint additional judges for a temporary period not exceeding two years; an acting judge when a permanent judge is absent or unable to perform his duties.

Originally the age of the retirement of the judges of the High Courts was fixed at 60 but it was raised to 62 in 1963 according to the 15th amendment of the Constitution. Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65.

The Constitution of India in Article 124(3) lays down the qualifications of a person to be the judge of the Supreme Court. He/She:

must be a citizen of India

• He must be a judge of any High Court for at least 5 years, or has been an advocate in a High Court for 10 years or is in the opinion of the President a distinguished jurist.

Governor is the head of a particular state. The Governors of all the states are appointed by the President. The Governor has different powers like legislative, executive, financial and judicial powers at the state-level which is given by the Constitution. Hence, at the state level, it is the Governor who administers the oath of office to the High Court judges of that state. 

The President holds the authority of transferring judges from one High Court to another High Court. He carries this order after consultation with the Chief Justice of India.