Explanation
In 1841, the General Committee of Public Instruction was abolished and in its place a council of education was established. Landmark in the development of Western education was Wood’s Despatch of 1854. The Despatch categorically states “the education that we desire to see extended in India is that which has for its object the diffusion of the improved arts, science, and philosophy and literature of Europe, in short, of European knowledge.
The English Education Act was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect to a decision in 1835 by Lord William Bentinck, the then Governor-General of British India, to reallocate funds the East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India.
In 1835, the education policy of Lord Macaulay was published titled “Minute on Indian Education” in which he advocated educating Indians through English and also enrich Indian Languages’ so that they become the vehicles of European scientific, historical and literary expression.
The causes of decline of Indian industries:
Impact of the industrial revolution
Loss of royal patronage
Loss of external markets
Coercive tactics used by the British
Indifference of the British rulers.
Rabindranath Tagore thought that childhood should be a time of self-learning instead of him/her being enclosed in four walls and pressurised to learn curriculum. Instead, a school has to focus on overall development of a child. Keeping this in mind he opened a school named 'Shantiniketan' which included dance, music and other arts along with curriculum. He also thought that Indian education has to be combined with elements of western education which prove best to Indian tradition.
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