The Dual system of Government was abolished by Warren Hastings in 1772 and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British. The Nawabs remained as the mere pensioners of the East India Company.

The Turks captured Constantinople in 1453.

Merits of Subsidiary Alliance:-

1. By this system the English became the supreme power in India,

2. The resources and influence of the company increased greatly,

3. The alliance helped the English to maintain control over the Indian rulers,

4. It enabled the company to maintain a large standing army at the expense of Indian Princes and

5. The extent of British Empire in India increased greatly as several rulers had ceded parts of their kingdoms.

 

The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies in 1757. Siraj-ud-daulah had asked Britishers to stop fortification which became one of the reasons for the war. Robert Clive bribed Mir Jafar, commander-in-chief of Siraj-ud-daulah of making him the next Nawab which resulted in betrayal from Mir Qasim and victory of the British.

Battle of Buxar, 1764, was a battle between the British East India Company and combined army of Mir Qasim,the Nawab of Bengal, Nawab of Awadh and  Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.

The battle between Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal and the East India Company happened during the year 1757 and it was known as Battle of Plassey.

After the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire became weak. Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah challenged British activities, like non-payment of custom duties in Bengal. He was suspicious of English activities from the very beginning. Defying his orders, the English fortified their settlements in Culcatta in 1756. Siraj objected to it and ordered military action against the British. His armies held the British as prisoners in the dungeons of Fort William. Where 146 British officers were shut in a room 22 feet long and 14 feet wide, leading to death by suffocation of 123 officers.

The British victory under Robert Clive at Plassey in Bengal was a crucial event in the history of India. It was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757.  The British after the victory acquired significant concessions for previous losses and revenue from trade which was later used for the expansion of the British empire. The battle brought a major change to the company's trade structure as it opened gates for personal fortunes.

In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the 24 Paraganas of Bengal to the British and also the Jangli mahals (small administrative units), as a result he was propped up as the Puppet Nawab.

The first major conflict of the British against an Indian power was in Bengal. The history of Bengal from 1757 to 1765 is the history of gradual transfer of the power from the Nawabs to the British. During this short period of eight years three nawabs, Siraj-ud-Daula, Mir Jafar and Mir Qasim ruled over Bengal but they failed to uphold the sovereignty of the nawab and ultimately the reign of control passed into the hands of the British. Finally Battle of Buxar established British supremacy in India.

Lord Dalhousie provided the British with the tool called Doctrine of lapse that they used to annex an Indian kingdom if its ruler died without a male heir. They annexed Satara(1848), Sambalpur(1850), Udaipur(1852), Nagpur(1853) and Jhansi(1854) using doctrine of lapse.

The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British Army and the combined forces of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, Mir Qasim (Nawab of Bengal) and Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Awadh). The British East India Company defeated the combined forces in the battle.The battle took place on 22nd October, 1764. 

The British victory under Robert Clive at Plassey in Bengal was a crucial event in the history of India. It was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757.  The British after the victory acquired significant concessions for previous losses and revenue from trade which was later used for the expansion of the British empire.

The Battle of Plassey (Palasi) is an important landmark in the history of India. On 23 June 1757, the armies of Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English East India Company met at Murshidabad the then capital of undivided Bengal. British forces were led by Robert Clive and Mir Zafar, commander in chief of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah's army. Mir Zafar betrayed the Nawab and remained inactive. As a consequence, Siraj-ud-Daulah lost the battle, was captured and later killed.

The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley. According to the term of this alliance, Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed force. They were to be protected by the company, but had to pay for the 'subsidiary forces' that the company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as a penalty. The Indian ruler could not employ any European in their service without prior approval of British. Also, they could not negotiate with any other Indian rulers without consulting the Governor-General.

The battle of Buxar was fought between the forces of the British East India Company and the combined army of an alliance of Indian states including Bengal, Awadh, and the Mughal Empire in the year 1764. The war came to an end by the "Treaty of Allahabad" in 1765. It granted the East India Company Diwani rights, or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.