Explanation
Arya Samaj is an Indian religious movement that promotes values and practices based on the infallibility of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a sannyasi, on 7 April 1875.
It was on 4 December 1829, when the practice was formally banned in all the lands under Bengal Presidency by Lord William Bentinck.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first Indian who founded a reformist movement in India." He wanted to modernise India as early as possible, therefore, he was called the 'representative of the modern age'. He was totally against to the Vedas, Uphanishads, Brahrnanas.
Ram Mohan Roy was educated in traditional languages like Sanskrit and Persian. He came across English much later in life and learned the language to get better employment with the British. But a voracious reader, he devoured English literature and journals, extracting as much knowledge as he could. He realised that while traditional texts like Vedas, Upanishads and Quran provided him with much reverence for philosophy, his knowledge was lacking in scientific and rational education. He advocated the introduction of an English Education System in the country teaching scientific subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and even Botany. He paved the way to revolutionizing education system in India by establishing Hindu College in 1817 along with David Hare which later went on to become one of the best educational institutions in the country producing some of the best minds in India. His efforts to combine true to the roots theological doctrines along with modern rational lessons saw him establish the Anglo-Vedic School in 1822 followed by the Vedanta College in 1826.
Brahmo Samaj: First convened in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta the Brahmo Samaj central belief is in one God who is omnipresent and omniscient. The Brahmo religion is now in many parts of the world. The Brahmo Samaj has played a significant role in the renaissance of India and the roots of much of the modern thinking in India can be traced back to the Brahmo Samaj movement. Hemendranath Tagore codified the Brahmo Samaj doctrine finally in 1881.
Indian Renaissance occurred after the coming of the British when a mass religious and social awakening took place. The foremost reformists had undertaken the task with a lot of eagerness and enthusiasm. Renaissance stands for rebirth and Indian renaissance refers to that period which was marked by the quest for knowledge and development of science and arts. The incredible effects of the Indian Renaissance were reflected in the quality of life and the new frontiers scaled by dance, music and other performing arts. Behind the famous creeds and ceremonials of the country, stand the Bhagavad Gita, the Upanishads, the Tantra, the Vedas; these, though referable to receding ages as regards their rise, are living influences at the present era.
After several iterations the Society's objectives evolved to be:
1. To form a nucleus of the universal brotherhood of humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste, or colour. 2. To encourage the study of comparative religion, philosophy, and science. 3. To investigate the unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in man.
Swami Dayanand Saraswati is the founder of Arya Samaj in 1875. He was a social reformer. He gave a slogan 'Go back to the Vedas'. He gave equal right and respect of all peoples and religion. He was in favour of sanskrit tradition.
National Youth Day is celebrated in India on 12 January on the birthday of Swami Vivekananda. In 1984 the Government of India declared the day as the National Youth Day and since 1985 the event is celebrated in India every year.
Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (Mahatma) was born in Pune, was a great social reformer. He dedicated his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free slaves, he linked the conditions of the black slaves in America with those of the lower castes in India. This comparison contains an expression of hope that one day, like the end of slavery in America, there would be an end to all sorts of caste discriminations in Indian society.
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