CBSE Questions for Class 9 Civics Working Of Institutions Quiz 5 - MCQExams.com

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) was duly constituted for the first time on 17 April 1952 after the first General Elections held from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.

Minister presides over the Ministries of Government, and carries out the policy determined by the Cabinet and approved by Parliament.

Necessary information to the ministers is provided by secretaries of each ministry.

The Supreme Court of India is the final authority to see to it that the division of powers as specified in the constitution is obeyed by both the Union and the State governments. So, Article 131 of the Indian Constitution vests the Supreme Court with original and exclusive jurisdiction to determine the justiciable disputes between the Union and the States or between the States.

Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law making or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislatures. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place.

• Integrated Judiciary system - The Constitution establishes a single integrated judicial system for the whole of India. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the country and below it are the High Courts at the state level.
  
• Independent Judiciary system - The Constitution of India makes judiciary truly independent. It provides for appointment of judges by the President, high qualification for appointment of judges, removal of judges by a difficult method of impeachment.
  

Final interpreter & guardian of Indian Constitution is the Supreme Court. It is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It consists of the Chief Justice of India and 33 other judges; it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

Apart from lawmaking, the Parliament is engaged in many other functions. Let us list the functions of the Parliament:

• Legislative Function: The Parliament enacts legislations for the country. Despite being the chief lawmaking body, the Parliament often merely approves legislations.
  
• Control of Executive and ensuring its accountability: Perhaps the most vital function of the Parliament is to ensure that the executive does not overstep its authority and remains responsible to the people who have elected them.
  
• Financial Function: The financial powers of the Parliament involve the grant of resources to the government to implement its programmes.
  
• Representation: Parliament represents the divergent views of members from different regional, social, economic, religious groups of different parts of the country.
  
• Debating Function: The Parliament is the highest platform for debate in the country. There is no limitation on its power of discussion. Members are free to speak on any matter without fear
  
• Constituent Function: The Parliament has the power of discussing and enacting changes to the Constitution. The constituent powers of both the houses are similar. All constitutional amendments have to be approved by a special majority of both Houses.
  
• Electoral functions: The Parliament also performs some electoral functions. It elects the President and Vice President of India.
  
• Judicial functions: The judicial functions of the Parliament include considering the proposals for the removal of President, Vice-President, and Judges of High Courts and Supreme Court.
  

President appoints the Prime Minister, the Governors of the States, the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts of the States. The President also appoints other Ministers in consultation with the Prime Minister.

But the President does not appoint the Vice-President. He is elected by an Electoral College.

• Executive violates
• Legislature violates
• An individual violates

B.  Fundamental Rights.

Any citizen whose rights are violated may move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the rights. The Supreme Court has the power to issue orders or writs, in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari for the enforcement  of any of the Fundamental Rights.

Article 356 deals with the Constitutional emergency. This situation arises when a situation in a state reaches to a place, that it can no longer rule according to the provisions of the constitution.

The President can overrule many provisions of the constitution in such an instance.

For the first time, constitutional emergency was declared in Punjab in 1952.

Loksabha is the lower house of Indian parliament. First session of both the houses are addressed by president. Among the given options vice-president cannot address loksabha session.

• Dr Rajendra Prasad who was from Bihar was the first president of India.
  
• He is the only president who was elected twice as a president.
  
• He was in office from 26 January 1950 to 14 May 1962.
  

President appoints prime minister, the Governors of the States, Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor-General, the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts of the States. The President also appoints other Ministers in consultation with the Prime Minister.

But president do not appoint Lok Sabha speaker. The speaker is elected in the very first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections, amongst the members of the Lok Sabha, and is by convention a member of the ruling party or alliance.

India follows a parliamentary system in which the prime minister is the presiding, actual head of the government and chief of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative usually holds a purely ceremonial position.

The Prime Minister shall become a member of parliament within six months of beginning his/her tenure, if he/she is not a member already. He/She is expected to work with other central ministers to ensure the passage of bills by the Parliament.