Weather Climate And Adaptations Of Animals To Climate - Class 7 Biology - Extra Questions

THERMOMETER - used to measure temperature.

HUMIDITY - is the measurement of atmospheric moisture, It is a feature of weather.

During daytime, air over the land heats up, raises upward and creates an area of low pressure. Lake water does not heat up so quickly. Evaporation of water from its surface also cools it up. Therefore, air over the surface of the lake is cooler. It moves towards the land where low pressure area exists. Therefore, during daytime a cool breeze flows from the lake to the land nearby.

Weathering involves the disintegration of solid rock due to the change in temperature, weather, and their impact on the composition of a rock. Physical weathering involves the decay of rock without a chemical reaction. The rocks heat up and expand during the day. At night, these cool down and contract. Since all parts of the rocks do not expand and contract at the same rate, cracks appear in rocks and ultimately the large rocks break up into small pieces.

A daily weather forecast is the work of people working for the weather department and meteorologists all over the country. Modern day computers have made it possible to precisely predict the changes in the weather. Weather satellites are present to take photographs of clouds from space. The low and high temperature of a day is measured by a thermometer known as the maximum-minimum thermometer. Rain gauge is used for the measurement of rainfall. Wind speed is measured by anemometers. 

Factor that affects the season is-
1) Global warming:- Climate change influences the seasons. The clearing of forests and the burning of fossil fuels have led to warming of the environment that is affecting the balance of the seasons.

Climates of the polar region	Climates of tropical rain forest
The climate of the polar region is cold.	The climate of the tropical rain forest is humid and dry.

The daily report of atmosphere at a particular place with respect to some physical quantities such as pressure, temperature, humidity is termed as the weather. The weather of any particular place changes after a short term. Thus, it is complicated to predict weather of any particular place. 
The average weather at a particular area for a long time is termed as a Climate. Thus, it is simple to predict climate of any particular place. 

Meteorology: The branch of science that deals with the study of the earth's atmosphere and majorly focus on the weather processes and forecasting is known as meteorology. Weather forecasting is made depending on the various variables like temperature, air pressure, winds, etc. as they vary with time. Storms, lightning, rainfall, etc. are also studied under meteorology. Predictions made by the meteorological department are important to citizens, aviation services, farmers, and various other organisations. There are various models which are used weather prediction:
Mathematical Model: In this model, supercomputers are used to analyse complex data collected from observations and to find the optimal solution.
Holistic Model: In this model, the output from other models is also taken into consideration, and then collectively final prediction is made. 

The two common adaptive features of a polar bear which help in keeping it warm are given below:
a) A lot of fat and thick skin protects polar bears from cold.
b) Polar bears huddle together in the groups to maintain the normal body temperature. 

Humidity	Rainfall
It is the measurement of moisture in the environment. Due to the existence of moisture humidity shows the wetness of particular atmosphere.	It is the measurement of amount of rainfall. It is the drops of water. These drops fall from clouds on the ground.

A description of the climate conditions of short duration in a particular area is called weather.

POLAR region, the top most part of the earth where there is no sunlight and coldest environment throughout the year.

CLIMATE - weather pattern in a region over a long period of time.

The establishment where various climate factors are recorded are called observatory.

Weather	Climate
Weather is defined as the state of the atmosphere on a current day at a current time.	Climate is defined as the average conditions that are expected at a certain place over a number of years.
Weather forecast is done on a daily basis depending on the air pressure, temperature, and other similar factors.	Climate forecast is done over a long period of time for example 30 years. This means that the climate of a region can be forecasted the basis of average weather over 30 years of time.

Climate is defined as the average conditions that are expected at a certain place over a number of years. Climate remains constant for a region and does not change continuously. It influences our lives in terms of our basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter. The climate of a place depends on the mean value of various factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc. For example, desert areas have hot climate. This is because the mean temperature of that area over the span of 20-25 years, remains high.

Animals with long ears are found in grasslands. It is an adaptive mechanism which enables them to receive sounds from long distances and from different directions. Another important function of long ears is that they act as a cooling system.
The large ears have thin skin and contain an extensive network of blood vessels that provide a large surface area for heat exchange. These vessels swell when the animal is hot to allow the blood to cool and contract when temperatures drop to conserve heat. 

Climate is defined as the weather conditions which have prevailed in a region over a long duration of time. Climate plays an important role in determining the our basic needs like the type of food, clothing and shelter as well as our occupations. For example, people living in colder regions would eat food which liberate more of heat to keep them warm whereas people living in hotter areas food eat food which have cooling properties. From this one example we can understand how important climate is for all the living beings on this earth. The type of vegetation, animal, birds, insects which are found in a region is determined by its climatic conditions like polar bears are found in polar regions (arctic and antarctic) whereas camels are found in desert areas. These are just few examples which explain the importance of climate. We have often read and heard about global warming and its disastrous effect on the climate. Any effect on the climatic conditions of a region would directly effect the existence of living beings in that region. 

1. (i) From the given graph, line a depicts a conformer or a cold-blooded animal.

(ii) The other line depicts a warm-blooded animal

(iii) Cold-blooded animals have the ability to change or synchronize their internal temperature with that of the environment, while warm-blooded animals do not. Hence, warm-blooded animals maintain a homeostatic environment inside their bodies with little or no changes as per the environmental conditions, while conformers do not.