Introduction of  foreign genes for improving genotype is

  • biotechnology 

  • vernalization

  • tissue culture

  • genetic engineering

Restriction enzymes:

  • are endonucleases which cleave DNA at specific sites

  • make DNA complementary to an existing DNA or RNA

  • cut or join DNA fragments

  • are required in vectorless direct gene transfer

A tumor inducing plasmid widely used in the production of transgenic plants is that of

  • Escherichia coli

  • Bacillus thuringiensis

  • Staphylococcus aureus

  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Electroporation procedure involves

  • fast passage of food through sieve pores in phloem elements with the help of electric stimulation

  • opening of stomatal pores during night by artificial light

  • making transient pores in the cell membrane to introduce gene constructs

  • purification of saline water with the help of a membrane system.

cDNA probes are copied from the messenger RNA molecules with the help of

  • restriction enzymes

  • reverse transcriptase

  • DNA polymerase

  • adenosine deaminase.

Hirudin is

  • a protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine

  • a toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility 

  • a protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting

  • an antibiotic produced by a genetically enginnered bacterium, Escherichia coli 

The enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction is a :

  • DNA dependent RNA polymerase

  • RNA dependent DNA polymerase

  • DNA dependent DNA polymerase

  • RNA dependent RNA polymerase

Identify a character that is not desirable in a cloning vector:

  • an inactive promoter

  • an origin of replication site

  • selectable markers such as genes for antibiotic resistance

  • one or more unique restriction endonuclease sites

A cloning vector has two antibiotic resistance genes- for tetracycline and ampicillin. A foreign DNA was inserted into the tetracycline gene. Non-recombinants would survive on the medium containing :

  • ampicillin but not tetracycline

  • tetracycline but not ampicillin

  • both tetracycline and ampicillin

  • neither tetracycline nor ampicillin

Elution is:

  • Separating the restricted DNA fragments on agarose gel.

  • Staining the separate DNA fragments with ethidium bromide

  •  cutting out of the separated band of DNA from the agarose gel and extracting them from the gel piece.

  • constructing rDNA by joining the purified DNA fragments to the cloning vector.

When isolating the pure DNA from a bacterial cell, the cell should not be treated with:

  • lysozyme

  • proteases

  • ribonuclease

  • deoxyribonuclease

A host cell normally does not take up a foreign DNA until it has been made competent to do so. This is because:

  • DNA is a hydrophilic molecule

  • DNA is a very large molecule

  • there are no receptors for DNA on the cell membrane

  • DNA is an inert molecule

Taq polymerase is used in the polymerase chain reaction because:

  • It replicates DNA faster than other enzymes

  • It is the only enzyme that can replicate DNA invitro

  • It does not require an RNA primer to function

  • It is thermostable 

The first type II restriction endonuclease discovered that could cut dsDNA specific site was:

  • EcoRI

  • SmaI

  • Hind II

  • Hind III

Which statement regarding restriction endonucleases is NOT correct?

  • They recognize a specific base sequence in the DNA.

  • They are produced by bacterial cells as a primitive immune system.

  • They digest DNA by removing nucleotides from a free 3' end.

  • They often generate stick ends.

What limitation of traditional hybridization used for plant and animal breeding has been overcome by

the use of rDNA techniques?

  • High cost

  • Insertion of undesirable genes

  • Complexity of the procedure

  • Antigenicity of the product

Which of the following restriction sites is located within the gene for tetracycline resistance in the plasmid pBR322?

  •  BamHI

  • Psti

  • Clal

  • Pvull

The technique not used for transformation of plant cells in recombinant procedures is:

  • Biolistics

  • Agrobacterium mediation

  • Use of viruses

  • Micro-injection

In the screening process during rDNA experiments, clones that metabolize β-gal turn:

  • Colorless

  • Blue

  • Yellow

  • Green

Microinjection is suitable for :

  • Injecting an ovum into the sperm in IVF

  • Transforming animal cells

  • Injecting very small sized drug particles into neurons

  • Conferring antibiotic resistance to a certain strain of bacteria 

The plasmid pBR322 does not contain:

  • An origin of replication site

  • A gene that encodes for restrictor of plasmid copy number

  • Gene for Ampicillin and Streptomycin resistance

  • Sites for many restriction enzymes

Restriction enzymes are synthesized by:

  • Bacteria only

  • Yeast and bacteria only

  • Eukaryotic cells only

  • All kinds of cells

The bioreactor shown in the diagram is:

  • Sparged stirred tank type

  • Airlift type

  • Simple stirred tank type

  • Fluidized bed type

Recombinant DNA technology involves several steps in which initial step is of isolation of the DNA. Which enzymes are used in the process for the breakdown of fungal cell, plant cell and bacterial cell respectively?

  • Lysozyme, lipases, trypsin

  • Chitinase, cellulase, lysozyme

  • Chitinase, cellulase, trypsin

  • Trypsin, lipases, cellulase

What is the source of EcoRI?

  • Escherichia coli R 1

  • Escherichia coli R I 13

  • Escherichia coli R Y 13

  • Escherichia coli R X 13

What is true about the steps of PCR shown in the diagram given below?

l. Step A occurs at the temperature of 95-98o C

ll. Step B occurs at the temperature of 55o C

lll. Step C occurs at the temperature of 72o C

  • l and ll only

  • l and lll only

  • ll and lll only

  • l, ll and lll

A and B in the pBR 322, shown in the diagram given below, respectively represent recognition sequences of :

  • BamH I and Sma I

  • Hind II and Sma I

  • BamH I and SaI I

  • SaI I and Hind II

What is true A,B and C in the given diagrammatic representation of rDNA technology ?

I. At A same restriction enzyme is used to cut both foreign and vector DNA

II. The enzyme used at B is DNA ligase

III. Step C can be called as transformation

  • I and II only

  • I and III only

  • II and III only

  • I,II and III

The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called

  • upstream processing

  • downstream processing

  • bioprocessing

  • postproduction processing

What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ?

  • The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves

  • The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves

  • Positively charged fragments move to farther end

  • Negatively charged fragments do not move

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