Haemodialysis

  • A process for removal of extra blood

  • A process for removal of extra cellular fluid

  • A process of removal of urea

  • A process of dilation of blood vessels

Which of the following nitrogenous wastes is least toxic?

1.Uric Acid

2.Urea

3.Creatinine

4.Ammonia
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

The amount of filtrate formed by kidneys is

  • 125 mL/ minute

  • 180 L/ hr

  • 125L/day

  • 180mL/ second

GFR is regulated by

  • JGA

  • ADH

  • OT

  • HGP

The normal value of GFR is approximately

  • 650 ml/min

  • 180 ml/min

  • 180 ml/day

  • 125 ml/min

What is used as an osmolyte in human beings to increase medullary interstitial osmolality during concentration of urine?

  • TMAO
  • Urea
  • Both a and b 
  • Uric acid

The blood from the glomerulus is carried away by:

  • Afferent arteriole

  • Efferent arteriole

  • Peritubular capillary network

  • Renal vein

Vasa recta in cortical nephrons :

  • Arises from afferent arteriole rather than efferent arteriole

  • Does not get involved in counter current exchange with loop of Henle

  • Carries deoxygenated blood rich in urea

  • Is absent or highly reduced 

The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by the:

  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
  • Simple columnar brush bordered epithelium

During concentration of urine by the human kidneys, NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by the:

  • Descending limb of the loop of Henle

  • Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

  • Descending limb of the vasa recta

  • Ascending limb of the vasa recta

An increase in the blood flow to the atria of the heart can cause the release of:

  • Erythropoeitin

  • Atrial natriuretic factor

  • Renin

  • Aldosterone

Identify the correct statement regarding the excretion of acids by the human kidney :

  • The filtered bicarbonate is absorbed by anion transport
  • The intercalated cells of the distal tubule secrete hydrogen ions to reabsorb bicarbonate from the tubular fluid.
  • All of the filtered bicarbonate is normally reabsorbed in the first half of the distal tubule.
  • Urine pH is normally greater than that of plasma.

Blood doping means use of banned substances by athletes that have a favorable effect on erythrocyte count by stimulating the bone marrow. The source of such a hormone can be the human:

  • Spleen

  • Heart 

  • Kidney

  • Lungs

The main disadvantage of urea as an excretory product for animals eliminating it would be:

  • its high toxicity

  • Needs lot of water to be eliminated

  • It being an osmolyte

  • Energy expenditure to produce it

JG cells get activated by

  • Fall in GF

  • Rise in GFR

  • Rise in blood flow

  • Both A and B

Renin is released by

  • JG cells

  • Endothelial cells

  • Podocytes

  • Cells of Filtration membrane

Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and choose the correct option from the codes given below:

 Column I Column II
A.Filtration fractiona.19%
B.Normal Blood Urea Levelb.23%
C.GFRc.70-100 mg %
  d.15-40 mg %
  e.180 ml/min
  f.125 ml/min

            A      B      C

 

  •          b      d      f

  •          a      d      f

  •          a      c      e

  •          b      d      e

Excretion of dilute urine requires

  •     relative permeability of the distal tubule to water

  •     transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle

  •     the presence of ADH

  •     impermeability of the collecting tubule to water

The condition where urea accumulates in blood is: 

  • Glycosuria

  • Uremia

  • Ketonuria

  • Acidosis

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:

  • DCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

  • DCT and the Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

  • PCT and Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

  • PCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

Which of the following statements about the kidneys is incorrect?

 

  • They consume over 20% of the oxygens used by the body at rest.

  • Approximately 1200ml of fluid is filtrated by the kidneys each day.

  • 120-125 ml of plasma is forced into the renal tubules each minutes.

  • They compose less than 1% of the body weight.

Regarding the control of water balance by the kidneys:

  • The renal medulla has an osmotic gradient that decreases from the border with the cortex to the renal papilla.

  • ADH is secreted by anterior pituitary in response to a decrease in the osmolality of the blood.

  • A normal person cannot produce urine with an osmolality greater than 300 mOsmil.kg-1.

  • ADH acts on the cells of the collecting ducts to increase their permeability to water.

Describe urine in relationship to glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion urine :

  • glomerular filtration + tubular reabsorption + tubular secretion 
  • glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption -tubular secretion 
  • glomerular filtration + tubular reabsorption -tubular secretion 
  • glomerular filtration -tubular reabsorption +tubular secretion 

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) will promote a(n) ________ in the excretion of sodium and water; thus ________ blood volume and blood pressure.

  • decrease, decreasing

  • decrease; increasing

  • increase, decreasing

  • increase, increasing

Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II and chose your answer from the codes given below:

Column I

(animal)

Column II

(excretory product)

I. Aquatic turtles

II. Crocodiles

III. Humans

1. ammonia and urea

2. urea and CO2

3. ammonia and uric acid

Codes:

                I            II            III

  •              1            2             3

  •              2            3             1

  •              2            1             3

  •              1            3             2

Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

  • more diluted urine

  • more concentrated urine

  • no change in quality and quantity of urine

  • no urine formation

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

  • distal convoluted tubule

  • proximal convoluted tubule

  • Bowman's capsule

  • descending limb of Henle's loop

In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea?

  • Dorsal Aorta             

  • Hepatic Vein

  • Hepatic Portal vein     

  • Renal vein

Human urine is usually acidic because

capillaries

  • the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular

  • excreted plasma proteins are' acidic

  • potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

  • hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine ?

  • Alcohol 

  • Caffeine

  • Renin 

  • Atrial-natriuretic factor

0:0:1


Answered Not Answered Not Visited Correct : 0 Incorrect : 0

Practice Zoology Quiz Questions and Answers