For the ejection of urine the voluntary signal is given by

  • ANS

  • CNS

  • PNS

  • Afferent arterioles

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is released by

  • Atria of heart

  • Ventricles of heart

  • Right atrium only

  • Left atrium only

ANF causes

  • Decrease of blood pressure

  • Vasodilation

  • Increasing the diameter of vessels

  • All of these

From where does the signal for Micturition arise?

  • By stretching of the urinary bladder

  • By relaxing of urniary bladder

  • By reduction in the size of urinary bladder

  • By contraction of urinary bladder

The release of urine does not take place by

  • Contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder

  • Simultaneous relaxation of urethral sphincter

  • Relaxation of smooth muscels of the bladder

  • Both B and C

Micturition reflex is

  • Hormonal mechanism to control Micturition

  • Neural mechanism to control Micturition

  • Local mechanism to control Micturition

  • Both B and C

Which of the following is not correct with respect to urine formed by an adult human?

  •   Excretes an average 2 to 2.5 L of urine per day

  •   Light yellow colored watery fluid

  •   Slightly acidic 6.0 and has a characteristic odour

  •   Both B and C

How much of urea is excreted out per day?

  • 50g

  • 28g

  • 10g

  • 5g

If a person A has undergone urine analysis. It will help in

  • Clinical diagnosis of many metabolic disorders

  • Diagnosis of kidney malfunctioning

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • All of these

Which of the following is not an indicative of Diabetes mellitus?

  • Glycosuria

  • Ketonuria

  • Chlorosis

  • Both B and C

Which of the following has no role in elimination of excretory wastes?

  • Kidneys

  • Lungs

  • Skin

  • Oesohagus

How much Carbon dioxide is removed by lungs?

  • 200mL/second

  • 200mL/minute

  • 200mL/day

  • 200mL/hour

Which of the following is not a part of sweat?

  • Urea

  • Lactic Acid

  • NaCl

  • Sodium Sulfate

Which of the following is not a part of sebum?

  • Sterol

  • Hydrocarbons

  • Waxes

  • Urea

The blood drained from a convenient……… is pumped into a dialysing unit called……..

  • Vein, artificial Kidney

  • Artery, artificial Kidney

  • Vein, False kidney

  • Artery, False kidney

The cleared blood is pumped back to the body through a …….after adding …...it

  • Artery, Heparin

  • Artery, Anti-Heparin

  • Vein, Heparin

  • Vein, Anti-Heparin

Which of the following is the ultimate method in the correction of acute renal failures?

  • Kidney transplantation

  • Kidney surgery

  • Kidney therapy

  • Gene therapy

Renal calculi is

  • Stone or soluble mass of crystallised salts

  • Soluble mass of crystallised salts such as lactate

  • Soluble mass of crystallised salts such as oxalates

  • Insoluble mass of crystallised salts such as oxalates

What is Glomerulonephritis?

  • Accumulation of glomus at the level of roots in plants

  • Increasing Glomerular capillaries

  • Inflammation of Glomeruli of kidney

  • Infection in neurons of Glomeruli

Amgotensinogen is secreted by:

  • A. Mcula densa cells
  • B. Juxtaglomerular cells
  • C. Vasular endothelium
  • D. Liver cells

In the given diagram what would be the value of osmolality of fluid at points A and B respectively?

  • 1000 and 1000

  • 1200 and 1000

  • 1000 and 1200

  • 1200 and 1200

Which option is correct with respect to blood urea content?

  •   Hepatic portal vein - less, renal vein - much.

  •   Pulmonary artery - less, hepatic vein - much.

  •   Hepatic vein - less, renal artery - much.

  •   Renal vein - less, hepatic vein - much.

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below: 
Column I                              Column II 
a. Glycosuria                         i. Accumulation of uric acid in joints 
b. Gout                                 ii. Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney 
c. Renal calculi                      iii. Inflammation in glomeruli 
d. Glomerulonephritis            iv. Presence of glucose in nephritis urine

  • a-iii b-ii c-iv d-i

  • a-i b-ii c-iii d-iv

  • a-ii b-iii c-i d-iv

  • a-iv b-i c-ii d-iii

Match the items given in Column I with those Column II and select the correct option given below: 
Column I                                  Column II 
(Function)                                (Part of Excretory System) 
a. Ultra filtration                       i. Henle's loop 
b. Concentration of urine          ii. Ureter 
c. Transport of urine                 iii. Urinary bladder 
d. Storage of urine                   iv. Malpighian corpuscle 
                                                 v. Proximal convoluted tubule

  • a-iv b-v c-ii d-iii

  • a-iv b-i c-ii d-iii

  • a-v b-iv c-i d-ii

  • a-v b-iv c-i d-iii

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

  • Ascending limb of loop of Henle

  • Distal convoluted tubule

  • Proximal convoluted tubule

  • Descending limb of loop of Henle

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?

  •   Henle’s loop – most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate

  •   Distal convoluted tubule – reabsorption of ions into the surrounding blood capillaries

  •   Afferent arteriole – carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

  •   Podocytes - create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule

Consider the following four statements (a–d) regarding kidney transplant and select the two correct ones out of these –
(a) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immunosuppresants for a long time
(b) The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection
(c) The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft
(d) The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons
The two correct statements are –
  • (b) and (c)
  • (c) and (d)
  • (a) and (c)
  • (a) and (b)

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

  • Urine will not collect in the bladder

  • Micturition will continue

  • Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder

  • There will be no micturition

Consider the following four statements (A-D) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rat 
(A) they have dark colour and high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine. 
(B) they do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water and have their body covered with thick hairs. 
(C) they feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water. 
(D) they excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature. 
Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?

  •   C and D

  •   B and C

  •   C and A

  •   A and B

Earthworms are:

  • ureotelic when plenty of water is available

  • uricotelic when plenty of water is available

  • uricotelic under conditions of water scarcity

  • ammonotelic when plenty of water is available

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