Monoclonal antibodies are

  • obtained from a cell and act on one antigen

  • obtained from a group of cells and act on more than one antigens

  • obtained from a group of same type of cells and act on single antigen

  • obtained from a group of same type of cells and act on more than one antigens

Which of the following is most infectious disease?

  • Hepatitis-B

  • AIDS

  • Cough and cold

  • Malaria

During an allergic reaction, the binding of antigens to IgE antibodies initiates a response, in which chemicals cause the dilation of blood vessels and a host of other physiological changes, such chemicals are 

  • interferons
  • hormones 
  • histamines 
  • acetylamine

Cancers are often classified based on the type of tissue in which they develop. A cancer developing in the epithelial tissue will be classified as

  • Adenoma

  • Blastoma

  • Carcinoma

  • Sarcoma

Interferon is a glycoprotein which is: 

  • Antibacterial

  • Antifungal

  • Antiviral

  • All of these

A common cause of pneumonia in humans is:

  • Streptococcus pyogenes

  • Haemophilus influenzae

  • Staphylococcus aureus

  • Rotavirus

The cannabinoids receptors are principally located in the central nervous system. The other location where they are present is:

  • Heart

  • Spleen

  • Kidney

  • Thyroid

The granulocytes that are actively phagocytic and the most numerous of the leukocytes circulating in the blood are the:

  • neutrophils

  • basophils

  • eosinophils

  • monocytes

All of the following are true regarding inflammation EXCEPT:
  • The same sequence of events occurs in response to any injury, whether it be a burn, an infection, or trauma.
  • The signs of inflammation are pain, redness, swelling, heat, and possibly loss of function.
  • Cytokines, histamine, complement and other chemical mediators are released.
  • Monocytes are the first cells to arrive from the bloodstream at the site of inflammation.

IgM
  • has five antigen-binding sites.
  • has the ability to cross the placenta.
  • attaches to mast cells and basophils.
  • has five constant regions.

Many physicians prefer mother's milk over cow's milk for infants. This is because mother's milk has the following property not found in cow's milk.

  • Antibodies against human disease

  • Proteins for growing human muscle

  • More essential amino acids

  • MHCs for maturing the infant's immune system

Opsonization
  • is the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells.
  • is the secretory component of IgA.
  • helps increase phagocytosis.
  • is the interaction that allows IgG to cross the placenta.

The epitope is

  • the part of the antibody that binds to the antigen.

  • the part of the antibody that binds to the T helper cell.
  • part of the antigen that is bound by the antibody.
  • part of the hypervariable region of the antibody.

What type of immunity is induced by the hepatitis B vaccine?
  • naturally acquired active immunity.
  • naturally acquired passive immunity.
  • artificially acquired active immunity.
  • artificially acquired passive immunity.

Besides helper T cells, what are two other types of cells that HIV infects?
  • macrophages and brain cells
  • B cells and liver cells
  • plasma cells and neutrophils
  • cytotoxic T cells and brain cells

When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the __________ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible.

  • antibodies

  • blood type

  • MHC proteins

  • Leukocytes

In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?

  • The mice suffered from numerous allergies.

  • The mice never developed cancerous tumors.

  • The mice suffered from autoimmune diseases.

  • The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.

The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions described as variable?
  • They can change their shapes to fit different antigens.
  • They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen.
  • Their specific shapes are unimportant.
  •   The amino acid sequences of these regions vary widely among antibodies from different B cells.

Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called:

  • antibodies

  • interferons

  • cytokines

  • antigens

The earlier concept of Health was

  • A state of body and mind

  • Where there was a balance of certain humor

  • A state of mind, body, and heart

  • More than one option

The assertion by Hippocrates about health was

  •     Same as that of Indian Ayurveda system

  •     Different from Indian Ayurveda System

  •    Supported by some other early Greeks

  •    More than one option

The person with Black bile were considered to be

  •     Belonged to black pigmentation group

  •     Belonged to hot personality

  •    Belonged to hot personality having fevers

  •    Belonged to black pigmentation will be prone to fever

The good humor hypothesis of health was disproved by

  •     The discovery of blood circulation by William Harvey using experimental methods

  •     Demonstration of normal body temperature in people with black bile using a thermometer

  •    Both 1 and 2

  •    Observing vector born disease

What is the present concept of health?

  •     Mind influences directly our immune system

  •     Mind influences our immune system by means of the neural system

  •    Mind influences our immune system by means of the endocrine system which controls health.

  •    Mind influences our immune system by means of the neural and endocrine system which controls health.

Which of the following won't affect health?

  •     Genetic disorders And infections

  •     Mind and mental state with black bile

  •    Lifestyle; our habits and some habits which we lack

  •    Rest and exercise

What does health mean?

  •     Absence of disease

  •     Physical fitness

  •    State of complete physiological, mental and social well being

  •    State of complete physical, mental and social well being

Healthy people won't support which of the following options?

  •     More efficient at work

  •     Increases productivity and brings economic prosperity

  •    Increases longevity of resources

  •    Reduces infant and maternal mortality rate

Yoga does not contribute in which form of health

  •     Physical

  •     Mental

  •    Physiological

  •    Both A and B

What is not that important to MAINTAIN good health as other options are?

  •     Balanced Diet

  •     Personal hygiene

  •    Regular exercise

  •    Proper disposal of kitchen waste

What is necessary for ACHIEVING good health?

  • Vaccination against genetic disorders, Awareness about diseases, and control of vectors

  • Vaccination, awareness about diseases, and proper disposal of waste

  • Control of vectors and maintenance of hygienic food and water resources only

  • Self-care and awareness along with immunization.

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