Q.1.
Merit-based system. Disbanded the Streltzy (elite fighters for the Czar who rebelled when he was in Europe). Send their children to Europe to learn. Forced them to relocate to St. Petersburg. Forced them to wear western clothing
Q.2.
He fought Sweden.
Q.3.
Fought Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic Coast; built a city there, named St. Petersburg. He forced serfs to build in terrible working conditions, thousands died.Also fought Ottomans for access to the Azov Sea, in the Black Sea, another warm water port.
Q.4.
A Russian emperor
Q.5.
Russian noble
Q.6.
He forced change upon his state; brought Russian Orthodox Church under state control (abolished the office of patriarch, head of the church, set up Holy Synod to run the Church under his direction). Decreased the power of the Boyars by introducing a merit-based system and allowed lower-class people a chance. He also sent boyars children away to Europe to be educated). (Amongst all the many other things- newspaper, NY, beard tax...)
Q.7.
Isolated; by 1) Geographic barriers such as a seaport iced over most of the year 2) Orthodox Catholic religion 3) Feudal system 5) looked to Constantinople instead of Rome for leadership/inspiration and missed the Renaissance and Reformation.
Q.8.
Peter wanted to use western Europe as a model for change to make Russia economically and socially stronger.