Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Which psychologists are most likely to criticize standardized personality tests for failing to capture the unique subjective experience of the individual personality?

One night after he heard his parents arguing, 4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n):

Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for some of his wife's habits. According to Freud, Bruce's ________ might enable him to partially satisfy both desires.

When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of:

A personality inventory that utilizes only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is called a(n) ________ test.

Randy's substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feelings of academic inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of:

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the development of:

Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to one's level of creativity?

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysencks' basic personality dimensions she would be classified as:

Freud suggested that slips of the tongue illustrate an incomplete:

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic:

Researchers found that new life insurance representatives were less likely to quit during their first year on the job if they demonstrated the trait of:

Survivors' memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates:

Characteristic patterns of behavior and motivation are called:

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as:

Frida was informed by a professional palm reader: "You generally communicate openly with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess." The fact that Frida was impressed by the palm reader's insight into her personality best illustrates:

Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:

Henry Murray found that children's perceptions of photographs were biased by their previous participation in a frightening game. Their perceptual reactions most clearly highlighted the potential value of:

American university students are more likely than Japanese university students to describe themselves in terms of their:

Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parentchild interaction was most explicitly recommended by:

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with:

Individualism is to collectivism as ________ is to ________.

Professor Shankar believes that her students' most important personal characteristics are those that distinguish them as uniquely different from most other people. Her attitude best illustrates one of the consequences of:

Morning types are to evening types as ________ is to ________.

Sexually active undergraduate women perceive themselves as much less likely to experience an unwanted pregnancy than other women at their university. This best illustrates:

Mrs. Smith, who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation, tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks. According to psychoanalytic theory, Mrs. Smith best illustrates:

Because Greta is extremely extraverted, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize. Because Jim is extremely introverted, he frequently spends weekends in the library where it's easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta and Jim best illustrate what is meant by:

According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.

Which theory would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity?

Compared with Freud, contemporary research psychologists are less likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving:

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates:

Contemporary psychologists are least likely to agree with Freud's belief that:

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of:

Which of the following techniques would Freud have used to discover the latent content of his patients' dreams

The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects:

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptom

During the early psychosexual stages, the id derives pleasure from distinct:

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of:

Which theorist emphasized that personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic?

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of:

Which of the following tests was empirically derived?

Neo-Freudian personality theorists were most likely to disagree with Freud about the importance of:

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates:

Larry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to gain employment after his college graduation. Larry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of:

No matter how long and hard Oprah studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Oprah shows signs of a:

A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of:

Personality inventories typically gather information by means of:

Religious and ethnic diversity are most likely to be appreciated in a culture that values:

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a:

In rejecting claims that personality trait measures fail to predict behavior effectively, Seymour Epstein emphasized the importance of:

Japanese students are more likely than American students to describe themselves in terms of their:

Although Rolf frequently cheats on classroom tests, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. His mistaken belief best illustrates:

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called:

The social-cognitive perspective is least likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of:

Parents in collectivist cultures are more likely than parents in individualist cultures to encourage teenage children to:

Projective tests are most closely associated with the ________ perspective.

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of:

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

When Professor Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was a retired college professor. His sense of surprise suggests that he had not previously lived in a culture that valued:

Self-esteem is negatively correlated with:

According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among:

People who are challenged by severe physical disabilities are likely to maintain normal levels of self-esteem by:

Gene spends a good deal of time bragging about his numerous sexual exploits. Freud would have suggested that Gene is fixated at the ________ stage.

Maslow most clearly interjected his own personal values into his study of self-actualized individuals by:

If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle, we are likely to ________ the extent to which others notice our nervousness and we are likely to ________ the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle.

An individual who perceives an internal locus of control would most likely show signs of a

Laura fails to recognize any connection between her unsafe sexual practices and the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted disease. Laura's lack of perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of:

Individualism is most likely to be emphasized in:

Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, delusions, and other symptoms of psychological disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from:

Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the:

Freud is to the psychoanalytic perspective as Allport is to the ________ perspective

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are least likely to be highly:

The use of free association is central to the process of:

A person whose selfesteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to:

Freud observed that certain symptoms of illness were relieved when patients talked freely about their past. This led Freud to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:

The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her:

Which theorists have been most directly criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the:

Santa Claus is to Superman as ________ is to ________.

Saleem seeks sexual pleasure by means of solitary masturbation rather than through sexual interaction with his wife. Freud would have suggested that this illustrates a(n):

Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freud's assumption that women:

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the:

In one survey, Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to heaven than would either Michael Jordan or Bill Clinton. This best illustrates:

The importance of romance in marriage relationships is most likely to be emphasized in cultures that value:

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it:

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called:

According to terror-management theory, anxiety about our own mortality motivates our pursuit of:

Reaction formation refers to the process by which people:

The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of

Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of:

Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to:

According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the: