Explanation
For p-dichlorobenzene and p-dicyanobenzene, the dipole moments of individual bonds cancel each other as they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Hence, the resultant dipole moment of the molecules is zero. For p-hydroquinone and p-benzenedithiol, the $$O-H$$ and $$S-H $$ bond dipoles in these molecules do not cancel each other as they are not in opposite directions due to existence in different conformations. Hence, the resultant dipole moment of the molecules is non zero.
Hint: Those species which have the same number of electrons and identical shapes are called isoelectronic and isostructural species.
Correct Answer: Option C and D
Explanation:
Compound
Number of electrons
Hybridization
Shape
Structure
$$SO_3^{2-}$$
$$16+2+24=42$$
$$sp^3$$
Tetrahedral
$$NO_3^-$$
$$7+24+1=32$$
$$sp^2$$
Trigonal planar
$$ClO_3^{-}$$
$$17+1+24=42$$
$$CO_3^{2-}$$
$$6+24+2=32$$
Trigonal planner
Final Answer:
$$NO_3^-$$ and $$CO_3^{2-}$$ are isoelectronic and isostructural.
$$SO_3^{2-}$$ and $$ClO_3^{-}$$ are isoelectronic and isostructural.
Some atoms attain their inert gas configuration by sharing of electrons. This method of attaining inert gas configuration is known as :
The two main ways in which atoms can be combined to form molecules are by electrovalent bonds and covalent bonds.Electrovalent bonds are held together by an electrical attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
The Valence Bond theory describes the formation of covalent bonds from the overlap of atomic orbitals on two different atoms. Because of the overlap, it is highly probable that a pair of electrons are found in the physical region or space where the orbitals overlap.
The covalency of an atom is the number of electrons it shares with other atoms when forming chemical bonds. So covalency of oxygen is two as it forms a double bond and that of nitrogen is three as it forms a triple bond.
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