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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Chemistry Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids Quiz 1 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Chemistry
Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids
Quiz 1
Which of the following carboxylic acid is most acidic in character -
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o-methyl benzoic acid
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m-methyl benzoic acid
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p-methyl benzoic acid
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Benzoic acid
Explanation
Acidity $$\propto \cfrac{1}{+I}$$
Methyl group shows +I effect. Hence, Benzoic acid is the most acidic one.
Option D is correct.
The IUPAC name of the compound is :
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2-ethenyl-3-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene
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2,5-dimethylhepta-2,6-dienoic acid
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2,6-dimethylhepta-2,5-dienoic acid
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2,3-dimethylepoxyethane
Which of the following forms a stable hydrate
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$$C{H_3}COC{H_3}$$
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$$C{H_3}CHO$$
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$$C{l_3}CCHO$$
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$$HCHO$$
$$CH_{3}COOH \xrightarrow []{LiAlH_{4}}X \xrightarrow []{Cu/300^{o}C} Y \xrightarrow []{dil.NaOH}Z$$ in the above reaction $$Z$$ is
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Acetal
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Ketal
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Aldol
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Acid
1-butyne reacts with cold alkaline $$KMn{O_4}$$ to produce
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$$C{H_3}C{H_2}C{H_2}COOH$$
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$$C{H_3}C{H_2}COOH$$
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$$C{H_3}C{H_2}COOH + C{O_2}$$
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$$C{H_3}C{H_2}COOH + HCOOH$$
Explanation
Terminal alkynes on oxidation give a mixture of $$CO_2$$ and a carboxylic acid with one $$C-$$ atom less than that of the starting alkyne.
$$CH_3-CH_2-C\equiv CH \xrightarrow{alk. KMnO_4} CH_3-CH_2-COOH+CO_2$$
Vinegar is present in acetic acid. Curd contains ____ acid.
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lactic acid
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tartaric acid
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citric acid
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none of these
Explanation
The acid present in curd is lactic acid. It increases the acidity which causes the milk to tangle into solid masses or curds.
The number of carbon atoms in the principle chain of the given compound are :
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$$7$$
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$$5$$
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$$4$$
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$$6$$
Citric acid is present in lemon. Apple contains:
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lactic acid
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malic acid
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tartaric acid
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oxalic acid
Explanation
Malic acid is a naturally occurring substance and is largely responsible for the sour taste found in apples.
To get DDT , chlorobenzene has to react with which of the following compounds in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid
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Trichloroethane
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Dichloroacetone
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Dichloroacetaldehyde
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Trichloroacetaldehyde
Explanation
trichloroacetaldehyde reacts with chlorobenzene in the presence of conc. $$H_2SO_4$$ to produce DDT.
Hence option D is correct
The correct structure representation of carboxylate ion is
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Explanation
The correct structural representation of carboxylate ion is $$RCOO^-$$
Hence, Option "A" is the correct answer.
Compounds formed during formation of product B and the final product B is:
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Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions.
Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone
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Butanone < Propanone < Propanal < Ethanal
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Propanone < Butanone < Ethanal > Propanal
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Propanal < Ethanal < Propanone < Butanone
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Ethanal < Propanal < Propanone < Butanone
Explanation
In nucleophilic reaction, less steric reactant is preferred.
So answer is Butanone<Propanone<propanal<ethanal
Arrange the following carbonyl compounds in decreasing order of reactivity towards nucleophilic addition:
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D < A > B > C
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B > C > A > D
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D > A < B < C
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D <A < B < C
Which carbonyl group of the given compound is most reactive for hydration:
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3
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1
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2
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All have equal reactivity
What is the order of indicated bond length for the above set of molecules:
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$$I>II>III>IV$$
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$$II>III>I>IV$$
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$$IV>I>II>III$$
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$$IV>III>II>I$$
Which of the following has longest bond length?
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$$C = O$$
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$$N = O$$
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$$C = C$$
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$$C = N$$
Which of the following products is/are correctly mentioned in the following reaction.
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$$HCHO \xrightarrow[]{NaOD} HCOONa + CH_3OD$$
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$$HCDO \xrightarrow[]{NaOD} DCOONa + CH_2DOH$$
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$$HCDO \xrightarrow[]{NaOD} DCOOEt + DCH_3ONa$$
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$$D_2CO \xrightarrow[]{NaOD} DCOONa + CD_3OD$$
Explanation
Cannizzaro reaction.
The strongest of the four acids listed below is:
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$$HCOOH$$
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$$CH_3COOH$$
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$$ClCH_2COOH$$
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$$FCH_2COOH$$
Explanation
As the fluorine is electronegative atom stabilises the conjugate base, hence it is stronger acid.
Which is the best method for carrying out the following reaction ?
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$$^+COOH;HN{ O }_{ 3 }/{ H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 }$$
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$${ CH }_{ 3 }Cl/Al{ Cl }_{ 3 };HN{ O }_{ 3 }/{ H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 };KMn{ O }_{ 4 }/{ H }^{ + },heat$$
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$${ CH }_{ 3 }Cl/Al{ Cl }_{ 3 };KMn{ O }_{ 4 }/{ H }^{ + },heat;HN{ O }_{ 3 }/{ H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 }$$
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$${ HNO }_{ 3 }/{ H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 };CH_{ 3 }Cl/AlCl_{ 3 };KMnO_{ 4 }/{ H }^{ + },heat$$
Reaction of aldehydes and ketones with which reagent gives oxime?
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$${ NH }_{ 2 }-{ NH }_{ 2 }$$
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$${ NH }_{ 3}$$
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$${ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }-NH-{ NH }_{ 2 }$$
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$${ NH }_{ 2 }OH$$
$$CH_{ 3 }-CH_{ 2 }-CHO\xrightarrow [ 2)\left( CH_ 3CO \right) _{ 2 }O,\ 3)H_{ 3 }O^{ + } ]{ 1)NH_{ 2 }OH/\Delta } 'X'$$ Then 'X' is
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$$CH_3COOH$$
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$$CH_3-CH_2-COOH$$
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$$CH_3CONH_2$$
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$$CH_3CH_2CHO$$
Identify the combination of compounds that undergo Aldol condensation followed by dehydration to produce but-2-enal:
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methanal and ethanal
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two moles of ethanal
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methanal and propanone
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ethanal and propanone
Which of the following statement is not true?
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Aldehyde and ketone give nucleophilic addition reactions.
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Aldehyde and ketone give electrophilic addition reactions.
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Aldehyde and ketones possess a polar carbonyl group.
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Aldehydes and ketones having lower molar mass are soluble in water due to H-bond.
Which of the following is an example of nucleophilic addition reaction?
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$$CH\equiv CH+Cl_2\rightarrow CHCl=CHCl$$
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$$CH\equiv CH \xrightarrow{HCl,CH_3COOH}CH_2=CHCl$$
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$$CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow{NaNH_2}CH\equiv C^-Na^+$$
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$$CH\equiv CH+H_2O\xrightarrow{H^+, Hg^{2+} / \Delta}CH_3CHO$$
Heptanol $$\underrightarrow { { CrO }_{ 3 }/{ H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 } } \quad \quad ?$$
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Heptanal
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Heptanoic acid
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Ethanal+ Proponal
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None of these
The systematic name of $$(CH_{ 3 })_{ 2 }CH-COOH$$
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2-Propanoic acid
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Isobutanoic acid
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2-Methyl propanoic acid
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2-Methyl butanoic acid
IUPAC name of $$\ { CH }_{ 3 }CH_{ 2 }CH_{ 2 }COCH_{ 3 }$$ is
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2-pentanone
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Pentan-2-one
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Pentanone-2
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all the above
Which one is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction?
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Which of the following IUPAC name will be used to name carboxylic acid functional group?
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-one
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-oic acid
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-al
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-ane
Explanation
The following IUPAC name will be used to name carboxylic acid functional group is -oic acid.
Hence option B is correct.
The carboxylic acid includes the functional group:
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carboxyl and amine group
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carboxyl and amide group
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carboxyl and hydroxyl group
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carboxyl and amine functional group
Explanation
The carboxylic acid includes the functional group carboxyl and hydroxyl group
Hence option C is correct.
In the following sequence of reactions $$Toluene \xrightarrow{KMnO_4} A \xrightarrow{SOCl_2} B \xrightarrow[BaSO_4]{H_2/ Pd}C$$; then product $$C$$ is:
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$$C_6H_5COOH$$
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$$C_6H_5CH_3$$
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$$C_6H_5CH_2OH$$
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$$C_6H_5CHO$$
Explanation
The oxidation of toluene with $$KMnO_4$$ gives benzoic acid.
Thionyl chloride converts carboxylic group to acid chloride.
Reaction with hydrogen in presence of palladium and barium sulphate gives benzaldehyde.
Option D is correct.
The IUPAC name of the following compound is :
$$H_{ 3 }C-\overset { \overset { CH_{ 3 } }{ | } }{ C } H-\overset { \overset { OH }{ |} }{ C }H -CH_2-COOH$$
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2-Methyl-3-hydroxypentan-5-oic-acid
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4,4-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy butanoic acid
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3-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid
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4-Methyl-3- hydroxypentanoic acid
Explanation
Solution:- (C) $$3$$-Hydroxy-$$4$$-methylpetanoic acid
$$\underset { 5 }{ C } H_{ 3 }-\overset { \overset { CH_{ 3 } }{ | } }{ \underset { 4 }{ C } } H-\underset { \underset { OH }{ | } }{ \overset { 3 }{ C } } H-{ \overset { 2 }{ C } H_{ 2 } }-\overset { 1 }{ C } OOH$$
Pyruvic acid is obtained by:
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oxidation of acetaldehyde cyanohydrin
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oxidation of formaldehyde cyanohydrin
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oxidation of acetone cyanohydrin
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None of the above
Explanation
Acetaldehyde with HCN gives acetaldehyde cyanohydrin
$$C{ H }_{ 3 }CHO+HCN\longrightarrow C{ H }_{ 3 }CH(CN)-OH$$
on oxidation it gives,
$$C{ H }_{ 3 }CH(CN)-OH\longrightarrow { CH }_{ 3 }CH(OH)-COOH$$
$$\\ \\ { CH }_{ 3 }CH(OH)-COOH\longrightarrow C{ H }_{ 3 }C(COOH)=O$$
gives pyruvic acid.
$$(1)$$ $$C_6H_5-\overset{O}{\overset{||}{C}}-C_6H_5$$
$$(2)$$ $$C_6H_5-CHO$$
$$(3)$$ $$p-CH_3-C_6H_4-CHO$$
$$(4)$$ $$p-CH_3O-C_6H_4-CHO$$
Correct order for nucleophilic addition reaction.
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$$2 > 1 > 3 > 4$$
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$$4 > 3 > 2 > 1$$
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$$2 > 3 > 4 > 1$$
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$$4 > 2 > 3 > 1$$
Explanation
Reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reaction depends on the presence of substituted group. Aldehydes are more reactive than ketone for nucleophilic addition reaction.
Electron withdrawing $$\left( -I, -M \right)$$ group increased reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction.
As the $$-OCH_3$$ and $$CH_3$$ groups shows $$+R$$ and $$+I$$ effect hence the reactivity decreases.
Thus the correct order is-
$$2 > 3 > 4 > 1$$
Find the product of the given reaction:
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(i) $$F_3C-COOH$$
(ii) $$CH_3COOH$$
(iii) $$C_6H_5COOH$$
(iv) $$CH_3CH_2COOH$$
Correct order of $$pK_a$$ value is?
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$$1 > 3 > 2 > 4$$
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$$4 > 2 > 3 > 1$$
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$$4 > 3 > 2 > 1$$
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$$1 > 2 > 4 > 3$$
Explanation
Solution:- (B) $$4 > 2 > 3 > 1$$
As we know that stronger the acid, lower the value of p{K}_{a}$$.
Hence the correct order of $$p{K}_{a}$$ value is-
$$4 > 2 > 3 > 1$$
The carbonyl carbon is:
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electrophilic
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nucleophilic
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amphoteric
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lewis base
Explanation
The carbon-oxygen double bond is polarised due to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon. Hence, the carbonyl carbon is an electrophilic (lewis acid) and carbonyl oxygen is, a nucleophilic (lewis base) centre.
Which of the following is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
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-OH
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Ethanoic acid is obtained by the ..... of ethanol.
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Combustion
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Oxidation
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Reduction
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Subsitution
Explanation
Alcohols get oxidised to carboxylic acids with the help of alkaline $$KMnO_4$$ or acidified $$K_2Cr_2O_7$$.
$$C_2H_5OH\frac {Alk.\ KMnO_4}{\text {or Acidic} \ K_2Cr_2O_7}CH_3COOH$$
Ethanoic acid is obtained by the oxidation of ethanol.
The acid present in curd/sour milk is:
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acetic acid
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formic acid
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lactic acid
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hydrochloric acid
Explanation
Curd forms due to the chemical reaction between lactic acid bacteria and milk protein casein.
During fermentation, the bacteria produce ATP from lactose. Lactic acid is the byproduct of ATP production during curdling.
Hence, option C is correct.
$$HCHO\xrightarrow [ ]{ Reduction } A\xrightarrow [ ]{ P\quad and\quad { I }_{ 2 } } B\xrightarrow [ ]{ KCN } C\xrightarrow [ ]{ Hydrolysis } D$$
What is $$D$$?
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Acetic acid
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Ethylamine
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Acetamide
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None of these
Explanation
$$\underset { methanal }{ HCHO } \xrightarrow [ ]{ Reduction } \underset { methanol\\ (A) }{ { CH }_{ 3 }OH } \xrightarrow [ ]{ P+{ I }_{ 2 } } \underset { methyl\quad iodide\\ (B) }{ { CH }_{ 3 }I } \xrightarrow [ ]{ KCN } \underset { methyl\quad cyanide\\ (C) }{ { CH }_{ 3 }CN } \xrightarrow [ ]{ Hydrolysis } \underset { acetic\quad acid\\ (D) }{ { CH }_{ 3 }COOH } $$
Lower aldehyde and ketones attributed to the formation of ______bonding with water molecules.
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Sigma bonding
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pii bonding
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Covalent bonding
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Hydrogen bonding
Explanation
Lower members of aldehydes and ketones are misible with water because they form hydrogen bonds with water. The carbonyl carbon is electrophillic (lewis acid) and carbonyl oxygen is nuceophillic (lewis base). The dipole movement of carbonyl compounds is due to the highly polar character of the carbonyl group.
Which of the following is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
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0%
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0%
Explanation
The carboxyl functional group that caracterizes the carboxylic acid is unusual in that it is composed of two functional group : (1) the carboxyl group and (2) of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbonyl group . It is often written in condensed form as $$–CO_2H$$ or $$–COOH$$.
Ketones reacts with Mg - Hg over water and give:
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Alcohols
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pinacolones
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pinacols
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none of these
Explanation
Ketones reacts with Mg-Hg over water gives pinacols.
Hence, option C is correct.
Which has a smell of oil of winter green?
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Ethyl salicylate
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Methyl salicylate
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Benzaldehyde
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Phenyl salicylate
Explanation
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic compound with the formula $$C_6H_4(OH)(CO_2CH_3).$$ It is produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. It is also produced synthetically, used as a fragrance, in foods and beverages, and in liniments.
In cold region during winter ______ freezes at room temperature itself and looks ice.
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Palmitic acid
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Linoleic acid
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Oleic acid
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Ethanoic acid
Explanation
Ethanoic Acid
freezes during
winters
and forms a glacier like appearance; therefore it is also sometimes referred to as glacial
acetic acid
and is a very common laboratory chemical.
The IUPAC name of the given compound is:
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4-pentanone
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Pentanone-2
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Pentan-2-one
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none of the above
Explanation
The correct IUPAC name is 2- Pentanone or Pentan-2-one. The parent hydrocarbon contains 5 $$C$$ atoms.
Hence the given compound is derivative of pentane. The second carbon atom has carbonyl group. Hence, $$e$$ from pentane is replaced with $$one $$ to obtain pentanone.
The position of carbonyl group is represented by number 2.
Option C is correct.
Functional group in saturated carboxylic acid is
:
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$$-COOH$$
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$$-CHO$$
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$$-OH$$
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$$-SO_{3}H$$
Explanation
Carboxylic acid: R- COOH
functional group is: -COOH
Hence, the correct option is $$\text{A}$$
$$CH_3CH_2Cl \xrightarrow {aq.\ KOH} X \xrightarrow {K_2Cr_2O_7/H^+} Y$$
Which of the following represents Y?
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Ethylene
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Acetic acid
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Acetylene
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Acetone
Explanation
$$C_2H_5Cl\xrightarrow []{aq.\,KOH}C_2H_5-OH$$
$$\xrightarrow[]{K_2Cr_2O_7,H^+}CH_3COOH$$
$$X$$: Ethanol
$$Y$$: Acetic acid
$$C_{6}H_{5}CONH_{2} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{H_{3}O^+} A + NH_{3}$$
In this reaction, $$A$$ is ___________.
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$$C_{6}H_{6}$$
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$$C_{6}H_{5}COOH$$
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$$C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}$$
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$$C_{6}H_{5}CN$$
Explanation
When benzamide is hydrolyzed, it produces benzoic acid and ammonia.
The reaction is:
$$C_{6}H_{5}CONH_{2} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{H_{3}O^+} C_6H_5COOH + NH_{3}$$
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