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CBSE Questions for Class 12 Medical Chemistry Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids Quiz 13 - MCQExams.com
CBSE
Class 12 Medical Chemistry
Aldehydes, Ketones And Carboxylic Acids
Quiz 13
The product in the following reaction is
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$${ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }_{ 2 }CN$$
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$${ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }\left( CN \right) CHO$$
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$${ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }\left( OH \right) CN$$
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$${ CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }\left( OH \right) COOH$$
Molecular formula $$C_{5}H_{10}O$$ can have:
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6- Aldehyde, 4- Ketone
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5- Aldehyde, 3- Ketone
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4- Aldehyde, 3- Ketone
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5- Aldehyde, 2- Ketone
Which of the following has maximum enol content ?
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$$CH_3CHO$$
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$$CH_3COCH_2CHO$$
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Arrange the following in increasing order of their $$pK_a$$ values.
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$$y\lt x\lt z$$
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$$x\lt y\lt z$$
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$$y\lt z\lt x$$
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$$x\lt z\lt y$$
Acetaldehyde reacts with $$PCl_{5}$$ to give:
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ethyl chloride
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ethylene chloride
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ethylidene dichloride
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trichloroacetaldehyde
Among the following achiral amino acid is:
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Ethylalanine
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Methylglycine
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2 - Hydroxymethylserine
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Tryptohan
Product I and II re respectively:
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Explanation
Prepare carboxylic acid from alkenes .
Alkenes may be converted into carboxylic acid through oxidative cleavage of the double bond with neutral or acid pormangante, for one hydrogen located at the double bond, otherwise only ketones are formed.
Ref. image
Option A, B & C in ortho & meta position carboxylic group present because of that steric hinderance occur product unstable. Whenever steric crowding reaction not take place in normal condition.
The smallest homologue of the monocarboxylic acid family which shows resonance is:
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Methanoic acid
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Ethanoic acid
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Propanoic acid
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None of the above
Lactic acid is formed, on hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin of
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Methanal
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Ethanal
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Propanal
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Propanone
In the following reaction, the compound $$Z$$ is:
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benzoic acid
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benzaldehyde
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acetophenone
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benzene
$$CH_3CH_2COONH_4\xrightarrow [ { P }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 5 } ]{ \triangle } X\xrightarrow { { H }^{ + }/{ H }_{ 2 }O } Y$$
Y and X respectively are:
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$$CH_3CH_2COOH,CH_3CH_2CN$$
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$$CH_3CH_2CN,CH_3CH_2COOH$$
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$$CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH, CH_3CH_2CH_3$$
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$$CH_3CH_3, CH_3CH_2COOH$$
The IUPAC name of the compound shown here is
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5-Ethyl -1- hydroxyoctan -1, 4-dioic acid
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2-Carboxyethyl -3- hexyl ketone
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3-(3-Hexylcarbonyl) propanoic acid
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5-Ethyl-4-oxooctanoic acid
Explanation
Hint:-
According to IUPAC Rules,
When 'ketone' is attached as a substituent (Secondary Prefix) it is named "oxo".
Step 1:
Nomenclature:
According to IUPAC rules,
The longest possible carbon chain including the functional group and multiple bonds should be considered as the parent carbon chain. The numbering should start from the carbon of the carboxylic acid as it has a higher priority than the ketone group in the priority order of the functional groups. It is an acid of $$8$$ Carbons, so it is named as $$' octanoic\ acid'$$.
Step 2:
Alphabetical arrangement:
According to IUPAC rules,
An ethyl group is attached to the $$5th$$ carbon
of the parent chain,
so it is named as $$'5-ethyl'$$.
Ketone group is attached to the $$4th$$ carbon so it is named as $$'4-oxo'$$. While arranging in alphabetical order, $$ethyl$$ comes before $$oxo$$.
Final Step:
Correct IUPAC name is
$$5-Ethyl-4-oxooctanoic acid.$$
So option D is the answer.
Arrange the given compounds in decreasing order of nucleophilic addition reaction:
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II> V> I> IV> III
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III> IV> I> V> II
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II> I> V> III> IV
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IV> III> V> I> II
The incorrect IUPAC name is
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$$\underset{2 - methyl -3-butanone}{CH_3 \underset{O}{\underset{||}{C}} - \underset{CH_3}{\underset{|}{C}}H - CH_3}$$
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$$\underset{2, 3-dimethylpotane}{CH_3 \underset{CH_2}{\underset{||}{C}} - \underset{CH_2CH_3}{\underset{|}{C}}H - CH_3}$$
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$$\underset{2 - pentyne}{CH_3C \equiv C - CH_2 CH_3}$$
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$$\underset{2-bromo -3-chlore-butane}{CH_3\underset{Cl}{\underset{|}{C}}H - \underset{Br}{\underset{|}{C}}H - CH_3}$$
Greatest amount of hydration is in:
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equal
Which of the following is correct order regarding the acidity of carboxylic acids?
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$$\left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 3 } \mathrm { CCOOH } > \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 2 } \mathrm { CHCOOH } > \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { COOH }$$
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$$\left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 3 } \mathrm { CCOOH } > \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 2 } \mathrm { CHCOOH } < \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { COOH }$$
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$$\left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 3 } \mathrm { CCOOH } < \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 2 } \mathrm { CHCOOH } > \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { COOH }$$
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$$\left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 3 } \mathrm { CCOOOH } < \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 2 } \mathrm { CHCOOH } < \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { COOH }$$
The major product of the given reaction is:
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Propanoic acid occurs naturally as a result of the bacterial fermentation of milk and is partly responsible for the flavour of Swiss cheese.
Which starting materials can be used to produce propanoic acid?
$${CH}_{3}{CH}_{2}{CH}_{2}OH$$
$${CH}_{3}{CH}_{2}CHO$$
$${CH}_{3}{CH}_{2}CN$$
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1, 2 and 3 are correct
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1 and 2 only are correct
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2 and 3 only are correct
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1 only is correct
$$P\xrightarrow {KMnO_{4}/KOH}Q\underset {\triangle}{\xrightarrow {Sodalime}} R \underset {anhy.\ AlCl_{3}}{\xrightarrow {CH_{3}Cl}} S$$
If $$P$$ and $$S$$ are toluene, $$Q$$ and $$R$$ ______ and ______ respectively.
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Benzaldehyde, Benzoic acid
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Benzaldehyde, Sodium benzoate
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Benzoic acid, Benzene
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Benzene, Benzoic acid
Explanation
-Here P is Toluene.
When Toluene reacts with $$KMnO_4/KOH$$ it undergoes oxidation reaction to form Benzoic acid ($$Q$$) as a product.
This Benzoic acid when reacting with soda lime it forms back benzene ($$R$$) as a product.
This benzene on reaction with $$CH_3Cl$$ in the presence of Anhy. $$AlCl_3$$ Undergoes Friedel-Craft's alkylation reaction to form Toluene as a product.
Which among the following compounds is used as selective weed killer?
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Picric acid
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$$2, 4$$-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
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$$2, 4, 6$$-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid
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Salol
Explanation
2,4-dichlorophenoxy
acetic acid (usually called as $$2,4-D$$ )
is primarily used as a selective herbicide that selectively kills many terrestrial and aquatic broad leaf weeds, but not grasses.
It acts by mimicking the action of the plant growth hormone auxin, which results in uncontrolled growth and eventually death in susceptible plants.
Hence, option $$B$$ is correct.
Carboxylic acids can be prepared from alcohols, nitriles or esters.
Which statements are correct?
$$1$$. Both primary and secondary alcohols can be oxidised to carboxylic acids.
$$2$$. Carboxylic acids can be made from nitriles by hydrolysis.
$$3$$. Ethyl propanoate gives propanoic acid when reacted with hydrochloric acid.
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$$1, 2$$ and $$3$$ are correct
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$$1$$ and $$2$$ only are correct
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$$2$$ and $$3$$ only are correct
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$$1$$ only is correct
Explanation
Solution:- (C) $$2$$ and $$3$$ only are correct.
Primary alcohols can be oxidised to aldehyde or carboxylic acids depending on the reaction conditions and secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones.
The hydrolysis of nitriles, which are organic molecules containing a cyano group, leads to carboxylic acid formation. These hydrolysis reactions can take place in either acidic or basic solutions.
Ethyl propanoate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid and gives propanoic acid. The ester reacts with the water present to produce propanoic acid and ethanol. The dilute acid provides both the acid catalyst and the water.
Hence statements $$2$$ and $$3$$ are correct.
The IUPAC name of
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2, 4, 5-Hexane tricarboxylic acid
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2, 3,5 - Hexane tricarboxylic acid
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2-(1-carboxyethyl)-4-merthyl pentanedioic acid
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3, 5-Dicarboxy-2-methyl hexanoic acid
The major product $$'Y'$$ in the following reaction is:
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Explanation
-
Which of the following compounds will show the maximum enol content?
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$$CH_3COCH_2COCH_3$$
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$$CH_3COCH_3$$
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$$CH_3COCH_2CONH_2$$
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$$CH_3COCH_2COOC_2H_5$$
Explanation
Solution:- (A) $$CH_3COCH_2COCH_3$$
Due to intramolecular H-bonding and resonance stabilisation enol content is maximum.
Nucleophilic addition reaction will be most favoured in
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$$ CH_3 CH_2 CHO $$
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$$ CH_3 CHO $$
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$$ CH_3 CH_2 CH_2 -\overset { \overset { O }{ \parallel } }{ C } - CH_3 $$
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$$ (CH_3)_2C = 0 $$
Explanation
Nucleophilic addition reaction will be most favoured in the compounds with least electron density at CO bond.
Order of electron density at CO bond in the given compounds:
$$\mathrm{B<A<D<C}$$
So, Nucleophilic addition reaction will be most favored in $$\mathrm{CH_3CHO}$$.
Hence, Option "B" is the correct answer.
Which of the following gives nucleophilic addition reactions?
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Methanal
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Ethanal
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Propanone
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Propene
Explanation
All carbonyl compounds give nucleophilic addition reactions.
Of the above options, only propene is a alkene (electron-rich) does not give addition reaction rest all others give nucleophilic addition reaction.
Hence, Optiona "A", "B" & "C" are ccorrect answers.
$$C_7H_{16} \xrightarrow[\begin{matrix} 773K \\ 10\ atm\end{matrix} ]{\begin{matrix} Cr_2O_3\\Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}} A \xrightarrow{KMnO_4/H^{\oplus}}B$$
Then what is the incorrect statement?
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$$B$$ will give effervescence with $$NaHCO_3$$
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$$A$$ has degree of unsaturation equal to $$4$$
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$$B$$ with slaked lime gives a symmetrical ketone.
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None of these
Explanation
Option D is correct.
Which of the following is used as a hypnotic?
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Paraldehyde
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Metaldehyde
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Acetaldehyde
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Formaldehyde
Acetone+A $$ \rightarrow $$ oxime of acetone
Acetone+B $$ \rightarrow $$ diacetone amine
Acetone+C $$ \rightarrow $$ mesitylene
Acetone+D $$ \rightarrow $$ isopropylidene chloride A,B,C and D are:
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$$ NH_2OH,NH_3,Conc.H_2SO_4,SOCl_2 $$
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$$ HNO_2,NH_3,Conc.H_2SO_4,PCl_5 $$
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$$ HNO_2,NH_3,Conc.H_2SO_4,Cl_2 $$
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$$ NH_2OH,NH_3,H_2SO_4,Cl_2 $$
Which of the following is an example of nucleophilic addition to acetone?
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Ketal formation
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Reduction with hydrogen gas
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Cyanohydrin formation
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Bisulphite addition
Explanation
Ketal formation and
Reduction with hydrogen gas are examples of elimination reactions, whereas cyanohydrin formation and bisulphite addition are examples of nucleophilic addition reactions.
Hence, Options "C" & "D" are correct answers.
Which has minimum reactivity towards nucleophiles?
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Butanone
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Propanone
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Ethanal
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Methanal
Unknown compound $$(A)$$ on oxidation with hot basic $$KMnO_{4}$$ gives only one compound whose structure is given in the figure.
Compound $$(A)$$ will be:
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$$CH_{3} - C \equiv C - (CH_{2})_{4} - C \equiv C - CH_{3}$$
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$$CH_{3} - CH = CH - (CH_{2})_{4} - CH = CH_{2}$$
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$$CH_{3} - CH = CH - (CH_{2})_{4} - CH = CH - CH_{3}$$
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Monocarboxylic acids (saturated) are regarded as _____ oxidation products of paraffins.
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first
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second
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third
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fourth
Explanation
Monocarboxylic acids (saturated) are regarded as $$\textbf {third}$$ oxidation products of paraffins.
The formation of cyanohydrin from a ketone is an example of:
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electrophilic addition
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nucleophilic addition
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nucleophilic substitution
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electrophilic substitution
The d(+) lactic is obtained from:
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fementation of cane sugar
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green vegetable
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muscles
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fermentation of milk sugar
Explanation
Foods containing D-lactate, e.g. yoghurts, soured cream, cheese, hence option (D) is correct.
The IUPAC name of caproic acid is:
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pentanoic acid
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hexanoic acid
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heptanoic acid
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octanoic acid
Explanation
$$\textbf {Hexanoic acid}$$, also known as caproic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the chemical formula $$CH_3(CH_2)_4COOH.$$
Hence option (B) is correct.
Some carboxylic acids and their IUPAC names are given below. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
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Formic acid - Methanoic acid
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Acetic acid - Ethanoic acid
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Iso-butyric acid - 2 - Methyl butanoic acid
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Malonic acid - Propandioic acid
Explanation
Isobutyric acid is $$(CH_3)_2CHCOOH$$.
2 - Methyl butanoic acid is $$CH_3-CH_2-CH(CH_3)-COOH$$
hence option (C) is the answer.
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions:
Ethanal (I), Propanal (II), Propanone (III), Butanone (IV)
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$$I>III>IV>II$$
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$$I>II>III>IV$$
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$$III>II>I>IV$$
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$$II>IV>III>I$$
Paraldehyde is used as a:
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medicine
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poison
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polymer
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dye
Explanation
Uses for paraldehyde: $$medicinal\ use$$
Paraldehyde is $$\text{used to treat certain convulsive disorders.}$$ It also has been used in the treatment of$$ alcoholism$$ and in the treatment of $$nervous \ and \ mental \ conditions$$ to calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense and to produce sleep.
$$ (CH_3)_2CO \xrightarrow [HCl]{NaCN}(A) \xrightarrow [ \triangle]{H_3O^+ } (B) $$are :
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$$ (CH_3)_2C(OH)CN, (CH_3 )_2C(OH)COOH $$
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$$ (CH_3)_2C(OH)CN, (CH_3)_2C(OH)_2 $$
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$$ (CH_3)_2C(OH)CN, (CH_3)_2CHCOOH $$
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$$ (CH_3)_2C(OH)CN, (CH_3)_2CO $$
In the given reaction, product $$P$$ is:
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Explanation
$$RMgX(Grignard's \;Reagent) + CO_2/H^+ \rightarrow RCOOH$$
Hence (P) is $$C_6H_5-COOH$$
Hence option (B) is correct.
Propionic acid with $${Br}_{2}/P$$ yields a dibromaproduct. Its structure would be:
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$${CH}_{2}Br{CH}_{2}COBr$$
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$${CH}_{2}BrCHBrCOOH$$
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$$CH{Br}_{2}{CH}_{2}COOH$$
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$${CH}_{3}C{Br}_{2}COOH$$
Explanation
$$\underset {Propionic\; acid}{CH_3−CH_2−COOH}$$ $$\xrightarrow {Br_2/P} {CH_3−C(Br)_2−COOH}$$
Carbonylic acids reacts with $$Cl_2$$ or $$Br_2$$ in presence of red $$P$$ to give exclusively α-chloro or α -bromo acids. This reaction is called Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reduction . This reaction is example of α H-substitution.
Hence option (D) is correct.
Which of the following gives smell of burnt sugar on charring?
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Oxalic acid
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Tartaric acid
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Malonic acid
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Succinic acid
Explanation
Tartaric acid on charring gives the smell of burning sugar.
Hence, Option "B" is the correct answer.
Best starting material to synthesize 2-methylpentan-2-ol is
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$${CH}_{3}{CH}_{2}{CH}_{2}CH_2CHO$$
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$$CH_3COOH$$
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Explanation
The easiest method to prepare 2-methylpentan-2-ol can be prepared by hydrolysis of Ethyl magnesium bromide with Butan-4-one.
Hence, Option "D" is the correct answer.
Which of the following reduces carboxylic acid directly to primary alcohols?
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$$LiAl{H}_{4}$$
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$$Na+{C}_{2}{H}_{5}OH$$
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$$Na{BH}_{4}$$
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$${H}_{2}$$
Nucleophilic addition reaction will be most favoured in:
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$$ CH_3CH_2CHO $$
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$$ CH_3CHO $$
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$$ (CH_3)_2 C=O $$
The $$d(+)$$ lactic acid is obtained from:
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fermentation of cane sugar
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green vegetables
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muscles
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fermentation of milk sugar
Explanation
Lactate is continually formed even at rest and during moderate exercise in the muscles. hence option (C) is correct.
The synthesis of crotonaldehyde from acetaldehyde is an example of........... reaction.
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nucleophilic addition
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elimination
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electrophilic addition
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nucleophilic addition elimination.
Explanation
Crotanaldehyde is produced by the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde
crotanaldehyde
Aldehydes
are carbonyl molecules that have a carbon attached to oxygen with a double bond, another group, and a hydrogen atom. ...
Aldehydes
and ketones undergo
nucleophilic addition reactions
due to the polarity in the carbonyl bond that makes them vulnerable to a
nucleophile
, an atom that donates electrons.
In the reaction,
$${ C }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 5 }OH\xrightarrow [ ]{ P{ I }_{ 3 } } (A)\xrightarrow [ ]{ KCN } (B)\xrightarrow [ ]{ Hydrolysis } (C)$$
The product (C) is:
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formic acid
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oxalic acid
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propionic acid
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acetic acid
Which of the following is the strongest acid?
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$$HCOOH$$ ($$p{K}_{a}3.77$$)
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$${C}_{6}{H}_{5}COOH$$ ($$p{K}_{a}4.22$$)
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$${CH}_{3}COOH$$($$p{K}_{a}4.71$$)
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$${CH}_{3}{CH}_{2}COOH$$ $$(p{K}_{a}4.88$$)
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Practice Class 12 Medical Chemistry Quiz Questions and Answers
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